To Daniel Library Home Page
Daniel Library Catalog
  Search Catalog
  Reserve Materials
  Other Library Catalogs
Finding Articles
  Indexes & Databases
  Journal Search
  News & Magazines
Research Assistance
  Ask A Librarian
  Internet Search Engines
  Knob Knowledge
  Research Guides
Services
  Faculty Services
  Interlibrary Loan
  Library Computers
Library Information
  Donations
  Hours & Phone Numbers
  Library Faculty & Staff
  Policies & Disclaimers

Online Plagiarism: How to Prevent It, How to Detect It

by Kathleen Turner and Betsey Carter, Daniel Library, The Citadel.

Introduction
Internet Paper Sites
Preventing Online Plagiarism
Detecting Online Plagiarism
Is There Any Way to Combat the Term Paper Mills?
For Further Reading

Introduction

Plagiarism is certainly not a new issue for the academic world. There have always been methods for individuals to obtain papers to pass off as their own work. From back room files at fraternity houses to back pages of Rolling Stone, unscrupulous people have not lacked opportunities for cheating. What is new and different is the greatly expanded opportunity the Internet provides. Cheating has come out of the closet and is very openly marketed by a growing number of web sites, often called "term paper mills". The proliferation of these sites suggests that this is a growth industry. Now that this formerly clandestine business is more available, it is also more visible to educators.

In addition to term paper mills, the vast number of reports and papers posted on the web by government agencies, universities, think tanks, and other organizations, along with papers from individual and course web sites provide almost limitless opportunities for plagiarism.

This online seminar is designed to equip faculty with information and skills to combat this new format of an age-old problem. It is advisable to pay attention to what is only a click away.

to top of page

Internet Paper Sites

These sites offer term papers ranging from high school level, to college, to graduate school. It is even possible to purchase dissertations on-line. As one of these sites, School Sucks, puts it: "Download your workload." These papers are euphemistically called "pre-written."

Sites have search engines that enable users to find a "pre-written" paper on a particular subject. For example at one site, FastPapers, 27 papers were available on the topic "Lenin and Stalin." Each has a short abstract, the number of pages, and how many sources the bibliography contains.

If the "pre-written" papers are not exactly on-target, then a customer may buy a "custom-written" one. FastPaperss has a clickable link to "Get a brand new paper written from scratch according to your exact specifications." Some sites are free while others, particularly those that "customize," charge for their services. Those that charge offer secure on-line credit card billing for hassle-free payment. (However, unscrupulous begets unscrupulous. One provider has been known to overcharge customers, then threaten to report them to the school when the students complain.)

It is obvious to most of us that good students do not give away their papers. Consequently, the quality of most Internet papers is pretty poor, often containing spelling and grammatical errors, in addition to being poorly written. The disclaimer from one site neatly sums this up: "School Sucks doesn't rate the papers. A student could (even likely) be turning in garbage."

The sites recognize their own liability, so they clearly state that the papers are for "research only." Most note the illegality of plagiarism. One site, Cheater.com, oxymoronically states, "Plagiarism is illegal and Cheater.com does not support it in any way." They propose the papers be used as models or as sources. It is far-fetched to think that a person would cite CheatHouse as a source.

to top of page

Preventing Online Plagiarism

  • Define and explain plagiarism to your students, including your policies about it. Don't assume that they understand the concept of intellectual property and documentation of material.
  • Explain exactly how much group work and student collaboration is permissible.
  • Discuss how to document sources, both traditional and electronic.
  • Provide an opportunity for your students to learn to do research. Schedule research instruction classes with the Library.
  • Establish a process for researching and writing the paper by devising a timeline for turning in elements of the paper. Establish deadlines throughout the semester for submitting topics, working bibliographies, outlines, and rough drafts.
  • Require that students include copies of all sources with the final draft.
  • Devise an exercise whereby the students must reflect on some aspect of their papers. This could be an in-class essay on what they learned or an exam question relating the paper to some aspect of the course.
to top of page

Detecting Online Plagiarism

  • Note any unusual formatting or any formatting which does not match your requirements.
  • Does the paper "sound" like your student? Is there any jargon or word usage that would be unlikely?
  • Are there any quotations that have no footnote or bibliographic references?
  • Has the student left out or not addressed any specific part of your assignment?
  • Is there any part of the paper that seems to be inserted or added on?
  • Is the bibliography in the format that you requested?
  • Does the paper cite references that you consider old and out-of-date?
to top of page

Is There Any Way to Combat the Term Paper Mills?

  • Copy a string of 6-8 words from the paper, enclosing them in quotation marks, into a large search engine such as AltaVista, Google, or Lycos. (You will find ready-access to these search engines from the Library's Internet page.) These search engines will find the string if it has been taken from a paper in one of the free paper mill sites or if it has been copied from another website, such as ERIC Digests.
  • Go to Turnitin.com. Originally called Plagiarism.org, and begun in 1995 by researchers at U.C. Berkeley, Turnitin has "grown into the world's leading online resource for the protection of academic integrity." Among its services, Turnitin will compare your students' papers with those in their very large database,and send you a report of originality.

    The Citadel has a campus subscription to Turnitin. Contact Professor Jim Leonard, English Department Chair, for information about using this service.
to top of page

For Further Reading

Gallant, Tricia Bertram and Patrick Drinan, "Organizational Theory and Student Cheating: Explanation Responses, and Strategies," Journal of Higher Education, no. 5 (September/October 2006): 839-860. Academic Search Premier Database, EBSCOhost (July 26, 2006).

Ritter, Kelly, "Buying in, Selling Short: a Pedagogy against the Rhetoric of Online Paper Mills," Pedagogy: Critical Approaches to Teaching, Literature, Composition, and Culture, no. 1 (2006): 25-51. Academic Search Premier Database, EBSCOhost (July 26, 2006).

Stoerger, Sharon,"Plagiarism*." September 3, 2002, <http://www.web-miner.com/plagiarism> (July 27, 2006).

Last updated July 31, 2006.

to top of page
 
Please send comments or suggestions