S

SACRED GROUND
Said to refer to The Citadel Parade Ground.
SALLEY, ALEXANDER SAMUEL
16 June 1871-19 February 1961. Salley was a famous South Carolina historian and archivist who graduated from The Citadel in 1892. His pioneering work collecting, preserving and publishing the historical records of South Carolina was the oriigin of the South Carolina Department of Archives and History. His portrait hangs in the Daniel Library. (Sources: David Duncan Wallace, The History of South Carolina, vol. 4, p. 611. REFERENCE and STACKS F269 .W25; Library of Southern Literature, vol. 15, p. 383. PS551 .L5; News & Courier, February 20, 1961, p. 1; Yates Snowden, History of South Carolina, vol. 4, pp. 14-15. REFERENCE and STACKS F269 .S69) (HN & DH)
SALUTE GUNS
On 18 October 1966, the two salute guns were officially named the Haynsworth and Pickens cannons, after the two cadets who fired the cannons on the "Star of The West," starting the Civil War.
    They are "two 3-inch Guns M5 on M1A1 or Ms carriages. These guns are U. S. Army property and are listed on the Professor of Military Science's Property Hand Receipt." They were originally 3 inch (76 mm) guns. When they came to The Citadel, though, adapters were put on each one of them so they could fire standard 75 mm blanks. Prior to their acquisition, 105 mm howitzers were used.
    They were built early in World War II for long-range use. Unfortunately, they were inaccurate so few were manufactured. Some were used after World War II in target practice at Fort Sill, but most were converted to salute guns.
    Facing Bond Hall the left gun is Betsy (Haynsworth's wife), and the right gun is Lizzie (Pickens's wife). The names Betsy and Lizzie are stenciled on the guns. (Sources: Maj. Steven Smith, "Salute Guns on the Parade Ground," report in Citadel Archives files; Brigadier, January 25, 1974, p. 5; and Brigadier, March, 22, 1969, p. 6.) (HN & DH)
SALUTES--CANNON
Click Cannon salutes to see how many salutes different dignitaries rate. (Source: The Guidon, 1998-99, pp. 81-82.)
SANDIFER, SAMUEL HOPE ("SANDY")
1916-2001. Class of 1937. Received his M.D. from the Medical College of South Carolina. Served in the U. S. Army during World War II. Attained the rank of Colonel. Served as a distinguished cardiologist in the Army and at various civilian hospitals and medical colleges. Was Surgeon at The Citadel, 1965-1971. Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 1969-1982. (Source: Graduate Files, Citadel Records Management Department) (HN & DH)
SAVAS, SAM
Class of 1951. As a student, he was runner-up for the Star of the West award for two years. As an army officer he received the bronze star with oak leaf cluster. While in Vietnam he died of a cerebral hemorrhage. It was not battle related. As a military science professor at The Citadel, 1962-1965, he was the faculty advisor for the Society of American Engineers and also the Summerall Guards. The Citadel chapter of the former won the National Society of Military Engineers award for two years at this time.
    As tactical officer of the third battalion, he started a project to build a bulldog statue by having the third battalion collect brass. The cadets continued the project after he left by donating money. When the statue was finished it was dedicated to him. It presently stands in front of the McAlister Field House. It is 26 in. long, 18 in. high and 16 in. across the chest. It cost $12,000. No pennies were melted down to make the statue. (Sources: Louis Chestnut, "Never an Athlete, Savas is Remembered," News and Courier, May 20, 1966, p. 2B; "Bulldog Statue Unveiled at The Citadel," News and Courier, May 28, 1966, p. 1B) (HN and DH)
SCARLET PIMPERNEL
Humorous feature in the Brigadier which satirizes The Citadel and its inhabitants. An anonymous cadet writes it. It started in the early 1970s. For an overview of its unique vocabulary click DICEL (HN)
SCHNORF, CHARLES
Charles Jeffrey Schnorf, Class of 1981. 1st Lt. BAttery C, 1st Battalion, 10th Marines. USMC. Killed in the terrorist bombing of the Marine Barracks in Beirut, Lebanon, October 23, 1983. (Source: Alumni Record in Citadel Records Management Office) (HN & DH)
SEAL--CITADEL
The seal of The Citadel is a circular device depicting a palmetto tree, beneath which is the date of the institution's founding, 1842. Around the rim are the words: THE CITADEL / THE MILITARY COLLEGE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. The seal dates from at least the mid-1950s. Its picture is printed on Citadel cadet and graduate diplomas, is painted on Citadel vehicles, and appears on many official publications of the College. Many people use the word "seal" to describe any emblem, such as a coat of arms. Strictly speaking, the seal is the device that is embossed on diplomas and other documents, and the word "seal" also applies to pictures of this device. The seal of The Citadel does not contain any mottoes. Two Latin mottoes appear on the cap badge or cap device, as well as on The Citadel's ceremonial mace. These mottoes are taken from the seal of the State of South Carolina. [Sources: information furnished by Registrar's Office and The Citadel Archives; "What Is The Citadel?--A Jumble of Images Confuses the Question," The Citadel Magazine 3, no. 2 (winter 2001): 8-12, 14]
There are other Citadel emblems that include the palmetto tree.
Set in the pavement in front of the entrance to Mark Clark Hall is a bronze plaque with the palmetto tree and the ovals of the S. C. state seal. A large circular plaque mounted above the stage of the Mark Clark Hall auditorium depicts the S. C. state seal around which are inscribed the words: THE CITADEL / THE MILITARY COLLEGE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. See also: SEAL--SOUTH CAROLINA; CAP DEVICE; MACE--CITADEL (DH)
SEAL--MARK CLARK HALL
The seal was put above the stage when Mark Clark Hall was built. Its cost was included in the cost of the building. No record of a separate cost was ever recorded. (Source: Col. Burroughs, Director of Cadet Activities)(HN)
SEAL--SOUTH CAROLINA
The South Carolina state seal is a circular device with oval representations of the obverse (front) and reverse (back) of the original seal, which was put in service in 1777. The obverse has a palmetto tree and other symbols and the motto: ANIMIS OPIBUSQUE PARATI (AH-nee-meese OH-pee-BOOSE-quay pah-RAH-tee) - PREPARED IN MIND AND RESOURCES. The reverse has a picture of the Roman goddess Spes (Hope) and the motto: DUM SPIRO SPERO (DOOM SPEE-roe SPAY-roe) - WHILE I BREATHE I HOPE. Behind the ovals are branches of palm and laurel. The emblem was inspired by the victory of the palmetto log fort on Sullivan's Island over a British naval squadron on June 28, 1776--a date commemorated as Carolina Day. The original state seal was circular, with the palmetto on one side and Spes on the other. Later the designs of the two sides were compressed into ovals. The state seal should not be confused with the seal of The Citadel, which depicts the palmetto tree, but which does not have any mottoes or other decorations. A copper plaque finished with gold leaf, 60 inches in diameter, reproducing the design of the state seal, is mounted over the sallyport of Padgett-Thomas Barracks. The palmetto and ovals of the state seal form part of the cap badge of the Corps of Cadets and are also represented on the mace-head of The Citadel's ceremonial mace. See: CAP DEVICE; MACE--CITADEL; and SEAL--CITADEL. (Sources: South Carolina Legislative Manual. READY REFERENCE JK4271 .A4; David C. R. Heisser, The South Carolina State Seal; A Short History. REFERENCE CD5618 .S6 H45 1992) (DH)
SECRET ROOM
Underground room located beneath a trapdoor in a cadet's room in Padgett-Thomas Barracks. It is a maintenance room used by the physical plant to maintain mechanical equipment. Cadets discovered it at least as early as 1963. It had furniture, a television, a makeshift barbershop, and a darkroom for photo equipment. It was also a place where cadets could drink alcohol. It had a 20-30 foot tunnel that led to an exit grate by a parking lot. This enabled cadets to enter and leave the barracks at will. Cadets kept civilian clothes there so they could change when they left campus. The tunnel was lit by Christmas lights. A tactical officer discovered the room in 1963. In 1964, there was an exhibit on some of the materials in the room. [I saw the exhibit and was told that the room had been filled in. The administration knew about the room before 1964. HN] It had never been filled in. [Apparantly the administration put a lock on the trapdoor. Cadets removed The Citadel's lock and replaced it with one of their own.] Cadets had been using the room almost continuously until February 2000. The 1977 Sphinx, p. 98, has a humorous picture of the room occupied by members of Band Company. (Source: Charlene Gunnells, "Generations of Cadets Knew About Secret Room," Post and Courier, February 25, 2000, pp. 1B, 6B. This is an interesting article well worth reading. To see it click Secret Room. Used with the permission of Charlene Gunnells, Grace Kutkus, and The Post and Courier.) (DH)
SEIGNIOUS, GEORGE MARION, II
1921-2005. Lieutenant General, U.S.A. Citadel Class of 1942. President of The Citadel, 1974-79. Born in Orangeburg, S.C. As a cadet was 1st Battalion Cadet Major and Battalion Commander. During World War II , served with the 10th Armored Division and 20th Armored Infantry Battalion. Assisant executive secretary in the Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1952. Chief of Plans and Training Division, Army Section of the Military Assistance Advisory Group in Spain. Military assistant and executive to the Secretary of the Army, 1957-60. Graduate of the National War College, 1961. Commander, 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, Europe, and chief of staff of the 3rd Armored Division in Europe. Appointed by President Lyndon Johnson as military adviser at the Paris Peace Talks on Vietnam, 1968. Commanding general of the Third U. S. Army Division in Germany; then U. S. commander in Berlin, 1970. Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, International Security Affairs; then director, Defense Security Assistance Agency, 1971; director, Joint Staff, Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1972. During his term as President of The Citadel, Deas Hall was constructed, the Mess Hall was renovated, and Capers Hall was expanded. President Carter appointed him a delegate at large on the U. S. delegation to the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT II) negotiations in Geneva. When he resigned from The Citadel in 1979, he became director of the U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. His decorations included: the Distinguished Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters; Silver Star; Bronze Star with two oak leaf clusters; and Legion of Merit with two oak leaf clusters. Seignious Hall (dedicated 1982) was named in his honor. He published a memoir, A Grandfather Reports, in 1996. His portrait hangs in the Daniel Library. (Source: Dave Munday, "Former Citadel Chief Dies," Post and Courier, July 4, 2005, pp. 1B, 6B) (DH)
SEIGNIOUS, GEORGE MARION--TIME
Q. When does General Seignious say when asked the time?
A. He says it's 7:55. This is the time on the watch he is wearing in his picture in Coward Hall. (HN)
SEIGNIOUS HALL
Dedicated in 1982, it is named for LTG George M. Seignious, President of The Citadel, 1974-1979. It, along with Vandiver Hall, is used by the Athletic Department. Among other things, it includes a hydrotherapy room, offices for the coaching staff, and a weightlifting room. The $1.5 million facility is the home of The Citadel's football program. For additional information click Seignious Hall. (Source The Citadel Football Media Guide, p.111) (HN)
SELF, JAMES CUTHBERT
19 October 1919-14 September 1998. Class of 1941. Textile manufacturer. Chairman of Greenwood Mills, perhaps the largest privately owned textile mill in the state. The company runs six mills in the Greenwood area with additional mills in Georgia, Tennessee, Venezuela, Pakistan, Argentina, and Mexico. He served in the U. S. army, 1941-1946. He was also an emeritus member of the Citadel Development Foundation. His portrait hangs in the Daniel Library. (Sources: Who's Who in America, 1994, p. 3105. REFERENCE E176 .W64; Louise Jones Dubose, South Carolina Lives, pp. 540-541 REFERENCE F268 .D8; Post and Courier, Sept. 15, 1998, p. B2) (HN)
SERAPH
HMS Seraph was the British submarine that landed General Mark Clark and four other spies in North Africa in 1942. Its purpose was to make rendezvous with French leaders. The Allies did not want to fight the French when they landed on the North African coast.
    The Seraph was launched on 25 Oct. 1941 and commissioned in 1942. It fired its first torpedo on 24 July 1942 at a whale which it thought was an enemy submarine. This action took place off the coast of Norway.
    It also was the subject of a book, The Man Who Never Was, that dealt with the Seraph's other covert action of the war. It fired a corpse from one of its torpedo tubes with false information regarding the D-Day invasion. This deception was credited with saving many thousands of Allied lives. HMS Seraph also played a role in rescuing French General Henri H. Giraud from the threat of capture by Germans. This episode is recounted in: Terence Robertson, The Ship With Two Captains ( D722 .S4 R6 1957a) (Sources: "Parts of Sub Being Brought to The Ciadel," News and Courier, March 25, 1963, p. 1B; DeWitt Nicholson, "The Incredible Career of the HMS Seraph," News and Courier, Oct. 20, 1963, pp. 1-C, 6-C; General Mark W. Clark. Calculated Risk. D766.82 .C5 1950; Ewen Montagu, The Man Who Never Was. D810 .S8 M6 1954) (HN & DH)
SERAPH MONUMENT
Erected in 1963, it is dedicated to the Anglo-American alliance in World War II. Parts of HMS Seraph were transferred to The Citadel through the office of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Caspar John, GCB (1903-84), First Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff (1960-63), in 1963. The monument incorporates the periscope, forehatch (forward torpedo loading hatch), steering wheel, plane wheels and bell of the Seraph. Also included is her Jolly Roger. This is the unofficial skull and crossbones flag flown by British submarines in the Mediterranean to record successful missions. The flag was flown when entering harbor on return from a successful patrol, and was kept flying until sunset on the day of return. The Seraph's Jolly Roger has embroidered various symbols for successful operations, for example: a red bar for each warship torpedoed, a red bar with the letter U for each enemy sub sunk, and a ram's head for a ship sunk by ramming. Before the Seraph came to The Citadel, the British had been using her for target practice. The Seraph artifacts arrived aboard U.S.S. Proteus of March 27, 1963. Both the U.S. and British flags fly from the monument since this British submarine was under the command or a U.S. Naval Officer for the Clark mission. It is the only shore installation in the U.S. allowed to fly the Royal Navy Ensign.
    Originally it was at the corner of Lee Avenue and the Avenue of Remembrance. From the periscope, one could see the Confederate flag on the water tower which has since been removed. In 1985, it was moved to its present location at the corner of the Avenue of Remembrance and Jenkins Avenue. This was necessary so Lee Avenue could be widened.
Two flags fly from flagstaffs at the Seraph Monument: the national flag of the United States and the British Navy white ensign. The main flag on a British warship is called an ensign. The ensign flown by HMS Seraph was a white flag bearing the red Cross of St. George, patron saint of England. The white flag with the red cross was the first English national flag, the red cross being associated with St. George since at least the twelfth century. In the upper left hand (or canton) of the ensign is the Union Jack. (Sources on the white ensign: The World Encyclopedia of Flags, pp. 88-90. REFERENCE CR101 .Z53 1999; Flags Through the Ages and Across the World, pp. 186-187. REFERENCE CR101 .S57 1975)
The monument is decorated with the heraldic badge of the vessel. In the British Royal Navy every ship is given an heraldic symbol, called a badge, bearing a picture that is usually related to its name, surrounded by a rope and topped by a "naval crown," i.e., a circlet decorated with three sterns of wooden ships and, between them, two masts with a square sail rigged on the yardarms. Since 1942 Royal Navy ships' badges have been circular. The Seraph's badge has a picture of a seraph angel. It is not certain whether the picture on display as part of the monument is the original beadge of the vessel, or a replica. (Sources: Belvin Horres, "Seraph Memorial Recalls Exploits of British Vessel," News and Courier, May 29, 1964, Special Citadel Supplement, p. 8-E; text of memorandum posted next to the Jolly Roger inside the monument) Royal Navy ships' badges are discussed in: Boutell's Heraldry, revised by C. W. Scott-Giles (London: Frederick Warne & Co., 1958), pp. 160-161, 181, and plate XIV. (HN and DH)
SEXUAL HARASSMENT
Click Sexual Harassment to see The Citadel's policy on sexual harassment as published in The Guidon. More information is available on the Citadel's home page. Click More about harassment.
SHAKO
The Shako (PRIOLEAU ROOM U430 .C5 S5) is the literary magazine of The Citadel, written by cadets. It has been published since January 1931. Its founder and first editor-in-chief was Cadet John Asbury Zeigler, Jr., Class of 1932. (Source: "Citadel to Have Literary Magazine Soon," Bull Dog, Nov. 28, 1930, pp. 1,3) (DH)
SHEPPARD, ORLANDO
Class of 1865. Chairman of the Board of Visitors, 1916-1925. His portrait hangs in the Daniel Library. Native of Edgefield, South Carolina. He was active in Masonic and Baptist affairs. In 1929 he was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree by The Citadel.(Sources:J. C. Garlington, Men of the Time, p. 379. REFERENCE F268 .G37 1972; Oliver J. Bond, The Story of The Citadel, pp. 215-216. U430 .C5 B57 1989) (HN & DH)
SHINE, JOSEPH D.
Class of 1971. He was the second black graduate of The Citadel. Charles Foster preceded him. He later graduated from Harvard Law School. In 2000 he was General Counsel for the South Carolina State Budget and Control Board. He died in 2003. (Source: Wevonneda Minis, "Joseph Dawson Shine," Post and Courier, Apr. 20, 2002, p. 1F) (HN & DH)
SHULER, E. G. "BUCK," JR., LT. GEN, USAF
Class of 1959. Born 1936 in Raleigh, N.C. M.S. in management from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1967. Completed Squadron Office School 1964. Took Command and Staff Courses at the Naval War College 1972 and the National War College 1976. Commissioned in the Air Force, he was trained as a B-52 pilot. Served in Vietnam as a figher pilot and was an F-4C aircraft commander. As an assistant flight commander he flew 107 combat missions over North Vietnam, the Republic of Vietnam and Laos. Participated in the 568th Tactical Fighter Squadron's operational deployment to South Korea following the USS Pueblo crisis, flying 15 combat missions along the Korean demilitarized zone. He later held several commandes in the UY. S. and in 1988 was commander of Strategic Air Command's 8th Air Force. Retired 1991. (Source: "Biography, U. S. Air Force. Lieutenant General E. G. "Buck" Shuler, Jr." http://www.af.mil/news/biographies/shuler_eg.html, Jan. 15, 2003) (DH)
SILVER SHAKO AWARD
This award was given for the first time to the winner of The Citadel-VMI Football game in 1977. It will be continued indefinitely. The football game, itself, (named by General Seignious) is called "The Military Classic of the South." The award is a silver duplicate of a Shako showing the plaques of The Citadel and VMI. The idea originated with Col. John E. Burrows, Director of Cadet Affairs at The Citadel at the time and member of the Class of 1940.
      The cost of the trophy was $532.72. VMI paid for half. It was designed by the L.G. Balfour Company, a nationally known maker of trophies and rings. Whit Cline, class of 1959, is a representative of the company. (Many Citadel graduates wear Balfour class rings.) From 1976 through 2000 The Citadel has won 15 Silver Shakos while VMI has won nine. There was one tie. The 1999-2000 coach at VMI has been Cal McCombs, a 1967 graduate of The Citadel. The overall series between the two colleges is a tie: 29-29-2.
      Burrows said that the idea of a Silver Shako, a trophy that The Citadel and VMI would compete, came to him from "the Little Brown Jug," the trophy that is given to the winner of the game between Michigan and Minnesota.
(Sources: The Citadel 2000 Football Media Guide, p. 52; "Legend of the Silver Shako," is on the CitadelSports Web site http://www.CitadelSports.com) (HN & DH)
SILVER SHAKO AWARD--1976
Since the Silver Shako was not ready in time, the "Old Trophy" was used. It was presented for the last time at the 1976 Citadel-VMI game. It was accepted by the Dolan twin attending VMI, the winner of the game. The other twin was attending The Citadel. The coach of The Citadel at the time was Bobby Ross, a VMI graduate. The old trophy, a three-foot cup with standing figures, was awarded at The Citadel-VMI game from 1950 to 1964. (HN)
SINGING SWORD
The sword from "H" company. (HN)
SKY DIVING
The skydiving club was restarted in 1989 by Cadet John Bast (Bravo Company) and B. Todd Shattuck (Echo Company), after being inactive for a long time. With the assistance of the Army ROTC supply sergeant a charter was put together, money for gear was solicited, and jumps were begun. Bast and Shattuck had only about 40 jumps each when they began organizing. "The gear is an interesting story. The Gamecock club had some top notch gear. Their club staff got caught doing something with club money so USC disbanded the club and secured the gear. Not knowing what they had they sold us $25,000 of gear for I believe about $5000. Combined with some relicts we found in the Gym - we jumped. I used an old Cloud XL that had Golden Knights colors we found in the gym. We jumped in Camden and in Denmark at those two DZ's. If you look in either the '89 or '90 yearbook there is a picture of John and I jumping in dress grays. It's actually not me but our jumpmaster; I was not available for the picture." (Source: B. Todd Shattuck.} (HN)
SKY DIVING--ACCIDENTS
Frank W. Cayce, Jr. Killed in a sky diving accident, 22 October 1961.
    (Source: Charleston News & Courier, October 23, 1961, p. 1
Ori Cantu. Class of 1998. Killed in a parachute jump in an air show in
    Brownsville Texas, Spring, 1995. He was not currently a cadet when
    this happened. (Source: Grant Galef, Captain, Citadel Skydiving Team,
    1996-1997.)
Steve Morell. Lima Company Class of 1979. Died October 1996 while
    competing at the national level.
(Source: Grant Galef, Captain, Citadel Skydiving Team, 1996-1997.)(HN)
SMALL, JOHN
Class of 1970. All American football player from The Citadel. Defensive right tackle for the Atlanta Falcons, 1970-72. In 1973, he played for the Detroit Lions on the starting line-up.
SMART, CHARLES L.
Class of 1996. Memorial stone is located at the base of a tree on the parade ground across from the side lawn of Summerall Chapel. Plaque installed in 1998. The single stone is inscribed with the names of Charles and Loren Smart. (HN)
SMART, LOREN L.
Class of 1963. Memorial stone is located at the base of a tree on the parade ground across from the side lawn of Summerall Chapel. Plaque installed in 1998. The single stone is inscribed with the names of Charles and Loren Smart. (HN)
SONGS
Click songs to see the lyrics of some Citadel songs. (Source: The Guidon, 1998-9, pp. 165-167.) (HN)
SOUTH CAROLINA POLICE CORPS
The South Carolina Police Corps is based at The Citadel behind Bond Hall. It is a federally funded scholastic and police training program. In the spring of 2001 it was composed of 24 students. When they complete their training and their bachelor's degrees they will become police officers in the state of South Carolina. The training consists of 1,050 contact hours, not credit hours. The curriculum was designed by Dr. William Bloss, Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice at The Citadel. (HN)
SOUTHERN CONFERENCE
Appalachian State (Mountaineers) N.C.
Chattanooga (Moccasins) Tenn.
Citadel (Bulldogs) S.C.
College of Charleston (Cougers) S.C.
Davidson (Wildcats)
East Tennessee State (Bucs)
Furman (Paladins) S.C.
Marshall (Thundering Herd) W. Va.
UNC-Greensboro (Spartans) N.C.
Virginia Military Institute (Keydets) Va.
Western Carolina (Catamounts) N.C.
Wofford (Terriers) S.C. (HN)
SOUTHWIND
The "Southwind" was a 50-foot motor yacht given to The Citadel by Ty" Colbert on behalf of the Air Reduction Corporation. (HN)
SPADE
The pathway under the jet is in the shape of a spade. It is also called the Cloverleaf. (HN)
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
Havelock Eaves commanded the 2nd S.C. Regiment. He was a member of the class of 1890. Click Havelock Eaves. (HN)
SPHINX
The first Sphinx was published in 1899-1900. The cadets most responsible for it were James P. Quarles, W. W. Smoak, J. R. Westmoreland, and John W. Moore. J. R. Westmoreland later became the father of General William Westmoreland and Chairman of the Board of Visitors. But it was Quarles more than anyone who brought it to fruition. He was a senior but had previously attended Davidson and Clemson where he gained experience working with yearbooks.
    It was called The Sphynx (spelled with a "y"). Everyone thought this was a wonderful name, for how better can the secrets of life be told than by a Sphinx? Thus the name was adopted and a poem by Emerson was used to convey this idea. The poem reads:
    Say on, Sweet Sphynx! Thy dirges
    Are pleasant songs to me.
    Deep love lieth under
    These pictures of time.
    Which fade in the light of
    Their meaning sublime.
    In 1901, the name of the yearbook was changed to Citadelograph because certain members of the staff, notably T. I. Weston, thought the name Sphynx bore no real relation to The Citadel or to the life it portrays. The Citadelograph was continued in 1902 but in 1903 the name was changed back to The Sphinx. The spelling changed with an "i" taking the place of the "y" in Sphynx.
    The reason behind the change back can best be explained by a 1903 Sphinx quotation, "We desired a title which would be characteristic of our school.... This famous old building, The Old Citadel, has been watching 'sphinx-like' the course of events and actions of men for now over half a century..., but over it all she only muses, and neither by look nor word does she betray her thoughts." (Source: Sphinx, 1903, p. 12)(HN)
SPHINX--1944 ISSUE
It was announced in the November 1944 issue of The Shako that the Sphinx for 1944 was not published due to the rapid turnover of cadets. Practically the entire Corps of Cadets was drafted. (Source: The Shako lists names of students and has some photographs) (HN)
SQUARE
The path around the Sherman Tank on the Southwest corner of the parade ground. (HN)
ST. ALBAN'S CHAPEL
Episcopal Chapel. It was located on the second floor of Bond Hall from 1960 to 1986. Before the library moved to its separated building in 1960 it was located in Bond Hall. This was the main reading room. It now houses the computer center. (HN)
STAR OF THE WEST
The firing on The Star of the West was the first action of the Civil War. At dawn, January 9, 1861, Citadel cadets succeeded in driving off the federal ship, Star of the West, as it was trying to bring supplies to Fort Sumter. Seventeen shots were fired, of which three hit the ship. The actual attack on the fort began three months and three days later, April 12, 1861.
    The event is depicted in the third mural in the Daniel Library. It is 8 x 13, and was dedicated June 2, 1960. The picture depicts the cadets manning four 24-lb. siege guns on Morris Island. For additional information click Star of the West.
    Size of The Star of the West:
        Length - 228' 4"
        Beam - 32' 8"
        Hull depth - 24' 6"
(Sources: Oliver Bond, Story of the Citadel. A. G. D. Wiles, The Boys Behind The Gun, a small pamphlet kept at the Circulation Desk) (HN)
STAR OF THE WEST--MEDAL
This award is presented annually to the best drilled cadet. The names are inscribed on the "Star of the West" monument.
        1961 Sansom, W. B.
        1962 Bohn, B. J.
        1963 Wilson, G. R.
        1964 Johnson, R. C.
        1965 Bristol, R. W.
        1966 Morgan, J. E.
        1967 Hambright, V. P. III
        1968 Hambright, V. P. III
        1969 Archer, W. D.
        1970 Onuschak, J. E.
        1971 O'Neal, D. J.
        1972 Griffin, A. D.
        1973 Clewe, W. F., III
        1974 Clewe, W. F., III
        1975 Boardman, C. H., IV
        1976 Boardman, C. H., IV
        1977 Slider, T. C.
        1978 Risher, R. A.
        1979 Seaman, D. C.
        1980 Edmonds, V. B
        1981 Morgan, B. L.
        1982 Henson, T. E. Jr.,
        1983 Steihmier, H. W.
        1984 Smith, B. T., III
        1985 Bell C. A.
        1986 Williams, R. M., II
        1987 Crippen, M. S.
        1988 Alaksa, T. C.
        1989 Hathaway, S. A.
        1990 Ring, R. S.
        1991 Bentley, W. C.
        1992 Diano, O. K.
        1993 Corry, D. E.
        1994 Goodman, J. R.
        1995 Sewell, B. S.
        1996 Howard, J. C, III
        1997 Fralick, J. D.
        1998 Dye, M. T.
        1999 Greenfield, A.
        2000 Cleveland, J.
;2001 Walton, M. J.
;2002 Hamilton, J. St. M.
;2003 Yaste, Cameron
;2004 Hamilton, J. St. M.
(Source: Susan Frohnsdorff, Daniel Library) For earlier winners you need to see the monument itself or The Citadel Web site.
STAR OF THE WEST MONUMENT
It is located in front of the main flagpole on the Parade Ground.
STATUE--LIBRARY (GLORIA VICTIS!)
"Gloria Victis!" ("glory to the vanquished!") in Daniel Library is a bronze copy of the statue created in 1874 by French sculptor Antonin Mercié (1845-1916). Mercié designed this sculpture following France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. He intended to honor those French soldiers who had fallen in the conflict, especially his friend, the artist Henri Regnault (1843-1871). Here, a winged female allegorical image of Fame (or of Hope) carries to glory a dying French hero, his broken sword a sign of defeat. Mercié's original plaster sculpture won a medal at the 1874 Paris Salon. Bronze copies were cast in different sizes by the great foundry of Ferdinand Barbedienne. This copy was donated to The Citadel in 1942 by George Hammond Sullivan in memory of his father, Algernon Sydney Sullivan. Mercié also sculpted the equestrian statue of General Robert E. Lee in Richmond, Virginia. [Sources: Joseph T. Knox, Antonin Mercié, Sculptor of the Lee Monument (Richmond: French Institute, St. Christopher's School, 1990) (NOTE: The Library does not have a copy of this book.); Theodore Child, "Ferdinand Barbedienne, Artistic Bronze," Harper's New Monthly Magazine, vol. 73, no. 436, Sept. 1886, pp. 489-504] (DH)
STATUE--LIBRARY (MINERVA)
The statue on the library patio is that of Minerva, the Roman goddess of Wisdom and of War. In Greek Mythology, she is referred to as Athena. It is also known as the statue without a hand. Click Minerva, or Athena. (DH)
STEVEN, DONALD A.
Maj. Gen. Donald A. Steven, Ph.D., Citadel Provost, 2004-2006. Dr. Steven came to The Citadel from the State University of New York, where he was executive vice-provost responsible for planning, development and evaluation of academic activities for the entire SUNY system. In 2006 he left The Citadel to become Provost at Rider University in New Jersey. (Sources: "Donald Steven Named Citadel's New Provost," Post and Courier, May 6, 2004, p. 7A; Denesha Graham, "Citadel Job a High Note for Composer," Post and Courier, Sept. 9, 2004, p. 1B) (DH)
STEVENS BARRACKS
Named for Major P. F. Stevens. Class of 1849. Superintendent of The Citadel, 1859-1861. Built in 1942. Home of the Fourth Battalion, companies N, O, R, and T. Accommodates 450 cadets. (HN)
STEVENS, PETER FAYSSOUX
1830-1910. Major, CSA. Class of 1849. He served as superintendent from 1859-1861. In 1861, he supervised the cadet firing on the federal ship,Star of the West. Besides being depicted on the library mural there is also a portrait of him in the Daniel Library. Barracks 4 is named after him, also. The library portrait was painted by his granddaughter, Grace DuPre. It was presented to The Citadel by the painter and by Paul Stevens, a grandson.[Sources: John Peyre Thomas, The History of the South Carolina Military Academy (see page references in index) U430 .S51 T55; Michael D. Blackwell, Remember Now Thy Creator in the Days of Thy Youth, pp. 148-154. U430 .B63 2003] (HN)
STOCKDALE, JAMES BOND
1923-2005. Vice Admiral, U.S.N. President of The Citadel, 1979-1980. Graduate of the United States Naval Academy, 1947. His Navy jet fighter was shot down over North Vietnam in 1965. Held as a prisoner of war, 1965-73, the senior naval officer in captivity, with rank of captain. He received the Congressional Medal of Honor in 1976. Recipient of 26 decorations, including two Purple Hearts and four Silver Stars. He was one of the most decorated officers in U. S. naval history. President of the Naval War College, 1977-79. He retired from active duty to become Citadel President. His term was controversial, as he tried completely to ban Fourth Class hazing and make various administrative changes that were opposed by many. He resigned just five days before his first year in office. In 1992 he served as Ross Perot's running mate in the Presidential election. He was a fellow at the Hoover Institute, Stanford University, and received numerous honorary doctorates from colleges and universities. . (Sources: Who's Who in America, 2005, p. 4517. REFERENCE E176 .W462 2005; Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War, vol.2, pp. 660-661. REFERENCE DS557.7 .E53 1998 v. 2; The Congressional Medal of Honor, pp. 149-150. REFERENCE UB433 .C65 1984; James B. Stockdale, In Love and War: The Story of a Family's Ordeal and Sacrifice During the Vietnam Years. DS559.4 .S75 1984; Schuyler Kropf, "Ex-Citadel President Stockdale Dies at 81," Post and Courier, July 6, 2005, pp. 1A, 8A; "Adm. James B. Stockdale," Post and Courier, July 9, 2005, p. 12A; Jonathan Mahler, "The Prisoner," New York Times Magazine, December 25, 2005, pp. 39-40 ) (HN & DH))   
STONEY HOUSE
579 Huger Street, just outside the Hagood gate. It houses the Career Services Center.
STREETS--CAMPUS
Avenue of Remembrance.....The road in front of library.
Courvoisie Blvd.....Roadway north of Padgett-Thomas Barracks **
Via Freda.....Another name for Courvoisie Blvd.**
Lee Avenue.....Front of Bond Hall
Jones Avenue.....Front of Barracks
Jenkins Avenue.....Front of Jenkins Hall
Richardson Avenue.....Behind Bond Hall
Mims Avenue.....Front of Quarters 6 & 7
Hammond Avenue.....Front of President's House
Register Road.....Front of Quarters 10-13
Willson Avenue.....Behind Dunnemann Duplexes***
Grier Avenue.....Between Armory and railroad tracks.
O'Toole Avenue.....Between 2 & 3 Barracks
    * Originally it was the road that went around three sides of the parade ground. When the library road was built it, too, was called the Avenue of Remembrance. Having four different roads all called by the same name caused confusion when giving directions. To remedy this The Citadel took the following action in the 1970s. The road in front of the library was officially designated "The Avenue of Remembrance," while the other three sides, the original "Avenue of Remembrance," were given the names of the roads of which they are extensions. The side in front of Bond Hall is now Lee Avenue The road in front of the barracks is now Jones Avenue. The road in front of Jenkins and LeTellier Halls is now Jenkins Avenue. The Avenue of Remembrance is sometimes referred to as "Memory Lane."
    ** According to the 1997-98 telephone directory the road between Padgett-Thomas Barracks and what used to be Murray Barracks is called Courvoisie Avenue. Originally, the concrete walkway, not the road, against Padgett-Thomas was called Courvoisie Blvd. because Boo would park his old green Comet there before parades. The roadway itself was Via Freda since the band formed there before parades. Major Leon Freda was the bandmaster until his death in 1966. Bill Warmer, '66 and Hood Hampton, '68 painted both names on a concrete parking bumper and carried it to the site sometime between 1964 and 1966. (courtesy: Hood Hampton)
    *** Named for Dr. John O. Willson. Class of 1862. President of Lander College and donor of the Willson ring. The street is listed as such in the 1997-98 Guidon and every Guidon previously. Unfortunately, it was once misspelled in The Citadel telephone directory with the result that the signs now refer to the street as "Wilson" with one "l." There is no "Wilson" important enough in Citadel history who warrants having anything named after him. Rather than change the signs it will probably remain "Wilson" forever, commemorating nothing more than a misspelling. (HN)
SUBMARINES
Click Seraph, or Yellow Submarine.
SULLIVAN, ALGERNON SYDNEY (1826-87)
New York attorney and judge, philanthropist. Sympathetic toward the Southern cause in the Civil War, he was briefly imprisoned for disdloyalty by Lincoln's government in 1861. Sullivan and his wife Mary Mildred Hammond Sullivan raised money to assist improverished Southerners after the war. Algernon Sullivan became president of the New York Southern Society. In 1925 the Society established annual awards in the form of bronze medallions to honor Sullivan. Sullivan Awards have been made at The Citadel since 1933 to students or others in recognition of excellence of character and service to humanity. (Sources: The Guidon, 2002-03, pages 189-190; Algernon Sydney Sullivan, by Anne Middleton Holmes. CT275 .S92 H6; Algernon Sydney Sullivan. LC243 .A43 1986) (DH)
SULLIVAN, M. M. "SARGE"
Class of 1929. He was instrumental in getting the Memorial Library renamed The Daniel Library. (HN)
SUMMERALL CHAPEL
The Summerall Chapel was erected in 1936 and named after the president of The Citadel, Charles P. Summerall. The cornerstone is at the northeast corner of the building. It says: "Erected 1936. Jos. E. Hart Grand Master of Masons A.L. 5956. Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works. Project No. S.C. 1046-R." On November 11, 2004, a ceremony was held to dedicate two flagpoles on the front portion of the Chapel donated by Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Johnson in memory of their son, Kris Johnson, a member of the Class of 2004 from Oscar Company. He died unexpectedly at home during spring break 2003. (Sources: Michael D. Blackwell, Remember Now Thy Creator in the Days of Thy Youth. pp. 105-141. U430 .B63 2003.; Citadel Public Affairs Office announcement, Nov. 11, 2004) (HN & DH)
SUMMERALL CHAPEL--BRONZE PLAQUES
The outside front wall of the Summerall Chapel has a number of bronze plaques depicting the alumni killed in action in America's wars. Each is arranged by class, then by name.
    War Between the States. 67 names.
    World War I. 15 names.
    World War II. Around 235 names.
    Korean War. 31 names.
    Vietnam. 66 names.
There are also six small plaques dedicated to individuals:
    Iraq. 1991. Mario J Fajardo, '84.
    Lebanon. Charles J. Schnorf, '81.
    Granada. Michael F. Ritz, '77.
    Vietnam. 1972. Ronald A. Ashe, '68.
    Vietnam. 1972. Carter A. Howell, '69.
    Vietnam. 1984. Samuel R. Bird, '61. (died of earlier wounds)
For additional information click Plaques.
SUMMERALL CHAPEL--FLAGS
For a list of 58 flags and their locations click Chapel flags. This list was published prior to 1959 since it lists Alaska as a territory. It lists three Confederate flags. Since the list was published a Confederate batle flag was added.
SUMMERALL CHAPEL--ORGAN
For a description of the chapel organ click Chapel organ.
SUMMERALL CHAPEL--QUOTE
The quote above the front door reads: "Remember Now Thy Creator In The Days Of Thy Youth." It comes from the Bible: Ecclesiastes 12:1.
SUMMERALL CHAPEL--STAINED GLASS
Many of the themes of the memorial windows were actually suggested by General Summerall and the final designs were approved by him. The small window in the front is actually a picture of Nathan Hale, the revolutionary patriot who said, "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country." For a full list and location of each window click Chapel windows or Chapel windows2.
SUMMERALL, CHARLES PELOT
4 March 1867-14 May 1955. General. Graduate of the USMA, 1892. Previously he had graduated from Porter Military Academy in Charleston, an elementary and secondary school. President of The Citadel, 1931-1953. During his term the number of cadets increased from 600 to 1,800. He was a famous artillery general in World War I. During the 1920s he chaired a forerunner of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In this capacity he was an opponent of air power and of Billy Mitchell, the father of the U. S. Air Force. According to Dictionary of American Biography he was dismissed as a judge in the court-martial of Billy Mitchell because the defense showed his bias. He was a great friend of General Patton of World War II fame.
    At the turn of the century an interesting anecdote occurred: Summerall's artillery battery was assigned to the China Relief Expedition during the Boxer Rebellion. Try as they might they could not hit the gate of the imperial city of Peking. "...despite heavy fire he used chalk to mark a target for his platoon cannon on a gate of the first wall and repeated this exploit at a gate of the second wall." This demonstrated his own bravery and the effective use of artillery. (Source: Dictionary of American Biography. Supplement Five, 1951-1955, p 668.) Click Porter Military Academy. For additional information click Summerall. For the article in Dictionary of American Biography click (Citadel only) Biography Resource Center. See also: Dennis Nicholson, History of The Citadel: The Years of Summerall and Clark, The Citadel, 1994. U430.C5 N53; W. Gary Nichols, "The General As President: Charles P. Summerall and Mark W. Clark As Presidents of The Citadel," South Carolina Historical Magazine 95, no. 4 (October 1994): 314-335.
SUMMERALL CUP
This award is donated by the European Citadel Association and is awarded to the company with the best academic record. The award is a blue streamer which is attached to the company guidon for the following year. The cup itself with the names of the winners is displayed in the foyer of Jenkins Hall. Previous winners:
        1967 Band Company
        1968 E Company
        1969 D Company
        1970 C Company
        1971 T Company
        1972 T Company
        1973 F Company
        1974 R Company
        1975 H Company
        1976 K Company
        1977 R Company
        1978 A Company
        1979 A Company
        1980 T Company
        1981 A Company
        1982 H Company
        1983
SUMMERALL FIELD
The Citadel Parade Ground was named Summerall Field by the Board of Visitors in 1934. (Source: Col. Nicholson, former V.P. for Development.)
SUMMERALL GATE
Named in honor of General Summerall. It is located north of Mark Clark Hall. According to some, the Summerall Gate was actually made on The Citadel campus by a former chief of maintenance, Mr. Kanapaux. When the original sword window grilles were installed in Alumni Hall, two were not used. These were taken to Summerall's estate, Whitehall. After Summerall's death, they were returned to The Citadel and installed on the Summerall Gate. This occurred in 1958. When Alumni and LeTellier Hall were joined, two more sword window grilles were discarded. See WINDOW GRILLES and GATES
SUMMERALL GUARDS
The senior drill team and now the only precision drill team on campus. The Bond Volunteers are the juniors who are training for the team. The performance of The Summerall Guards consists of a silent close order drill lasting twelve minutes. the Summerall Guards use a 1903 Springfield because it is weighted and perfectly balanced. Besides performing at Citadel functions, it also serves as Honor Guard at the Mardi Gras to King Rex in New Orleans. For a capsul history from a 1967 Brigadier click Summerall Guards. (HN)
SUMMERALL GUARDS--EXERCISES
At the Marathon Race the Summerall Guards run around campus holding rifle up without lowering it. At the Mud Run they get rifles dirty so they can clean them again. They also run holding rifles above head with two hands. (HN)
SUMMERALL GUARDS--HISTORY
In 1932, Lang's Grenadiers, which were named after the Commandant, was formed as the senior precision drill team of The Citadel. Lang's resignation in 1933 caused the unit's name to be changed to the Bond Volunteers. Later, this name was used to designate the junior drill team (distinct from the Junior Sword Drill). The senior drill team then became known as the Summerall Guards. At this time the Summerall Guards and the Bond Volunteers were two separate units. When they marched together the combined unit was know as the Richardson Rifles.
        In 1943, '44, and '45 the Bond Volunteers did not exist. In 1946 they ceased being a separate entity. Instead, they became the junior aspirants for the Summerall Guards. They no longer gave separate exhibitions.
        Besides Citadel affairs they have also marched at Mardi Gras, Walt Disney World, Presidential Inaugural Parades, Cherry Blossom Festival in Washington, D.C., Gasparill Festival in Tampa, and the St. Patrick's Day Parade in Savannah.
        At the 1978 Mardi Gras the Summerall Guards behaved improperly during the parade. The Citadel disbanded them and they were not invited back to Mardi Gras the following year. (Sources: Brigadier, 13 February 1981, 15 February 1980. New York Times, 10 March 1978, P.16. The Sphinx. The Guidon. Dennis D. Nicholson, History of The Citadel: The Years of Summerall and Clark.) For additional information click Summerall Guards. (HN)
SUMMERALL--THINGS ON CAMPUS NAMED SUMMERALL
Summerall Chapel
Summerall Cup. Awarded to the company with the best academic record.
Summerall Gate. Located at the east end of Jenkins Avenue north of Mark Clark Hall.
Summerall Guards
Summerall Parade Ground. Summerall Portrait in Daniel Library. It was painted in 1935.
Summerall Portrait in Summerall Chapel. (HN)
SWIMMING POOL--DEAS HALL
It is twenty-five meters in length, which is just shy of Olympic regulation. There was no suit against the contractor for this oversight. (HN)
SWING, RICK
Class of 1979. First Team All Southern Conference in basketball, 1978-1979.
SWORD--CITADEL
The Citadel Sword was made in West Germany and imported by N. S. Meyer, Inc. of New York for The Citadel. It is a distinctively etched stainless steel blade, challenger quality, West Point style. The Citadel is etched on one side of the blade and the cadet's name and year is etched on the other side. For additional information click Citadel sword. (HN)
SWORD--MARINE
Marine Corps Officer's sword is called the Mameluke sword. It "gets its name from the cross-hilt and ivory grip, both of which were used for centuries by the Moslems of North Africa and Arabia.... The Marine Corps tradition of carrying this type of sword dates from Lieutenant O'Bannon's assault on Derna, Tripoli, in 1805, when he is said to have won the sword of the governor of the town." (Source: The Marine Officer's Guide, 6th edition, p. 130. REF VE153 .E85 1996) (DH)
SWORD--PINK LADY
In 1989, "The Pink Lady" was the Junior Sword Drill sword for Alpha Company. (Source: Chip Bircher, Class of 1989, Major, US Army.) (DH)
SWORD--SINGING
The Sword from "H" Company.(HN)

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