C

CADET COMPANY
The Cadet Company is the subject of the second mural in the Daniel Library, dedicated November 12, 1960. It is composed of 36 cadets who left The Citadel in 1862 to join the Confederate army. They were joined by their friends and other cadets from the Arsenel in Columbia to form the Cadet Company. The mural depicts General Hampton on his bay horse Butler, leading mounted cadets. The confederate flag is flying and the general's sabre is raised. General Hampton chose the Cadet Company of the Sixth Regiment of South Carolina Calvary to lead the counterattack against Sheridan's Union forces. The action took place at Louisa Courthouse, Virginia, June 11, 1864. For more information click Cadet Company (HN)
CADET CREED
Composed by BG James E. Mace, USA, Ret., Class of 1963, in 1998. Gen Mace is the current Commandant of the Corps of Cadets.
    I will always endeavor to uphold the prestige, honor, and high esprit de corps of The Citadel and the South Carolina Corps of Cadets.
    Never shall I fail my comrades. I will always keep myself mentally alert, physically tough, and morally straight, and I will shoulder more than my share of the task whatever it may be.
    Gallantly will I show the world that I am a well-trained cadet. My courtesy to superior officers, neatness of dress, and care of equipment shall set the example for others to follow.
    And under no circumstances will I ever bring discredit to The Citadel and the South Carolina Corps of Cadets. (HN)
CADET LANGUAGE
Click Dicel to see the language used by the Brigadier's Scarlet Pimpernel. Click Cadet language to see cadet language as published in The Guidon. (Source: Guidon, 1998-1999. pp. 69-73) (HN)
CADET PRAYERS
(1)Thomas Prayer Composed by Bishop Albert S. Thomas, Class of 1892. It appeared in the 1998-99 Guidon). It was optional for non-Christians.
    Almighty God, the source of light and strength, we implore Thy blessing on this our beloved institution, that it may continue true to its high purposes.
    Guide and strengthen those upon whom rests the authority of government; enlighten with wisdom those who teach and those who learn; and grant to all of us that through sound learning and firm leadership, we may prove ourselves worthy citizens of our country, devoted to truth, given to unselfish service, loyal to every obligation of life and above all to Thee.
Preserve us faithful to the ideals of The Citadel, sincere in fellowship, unswerving in duty, finding joy in purity and confidence through a steadfast faith.
    Grant to each one of us, in his/her own life, an humble heart, a steadfast purpose, and a joyful hope, with a readiness to endure hardship and suffer if need be, that truth may prevail among us and that Thy will may be done on earth. "Through Jesus Christ, Our Lord. Amen. To see a copy of the Thomas Prayer click Cadet Prayer.
(2) Capers Prayer The following is attributed to Ellison Capers, class of 1857, while a cadet at The Citadel, June, 1857. He later became a brigadier general, CSA, and after that, Episcopal bishop of South Carolina. It came from The Journal of Tom Law
    Lord of love
    Look from above
    Upon this tainted ham;
    And give us meat
    That's fit to eat
    For this ain't worth a damn!
(3)Prayer of The Citadel. Last appeared on the back cover of the 1996-97 Guidon. It was written by Jim Herritage, class of 1972.
Give me a boy, Oh God, who is wiling to learn the true value of honor, the necessity of perseverence and loyality, and the meaningfulness of devotion to God and country. And I shall take this boy as does a blacksmith take a crude piece of metal, and place him over a forge whose liberating flame of
education is fired by the bellows of strict military discipline. Into this ingot of a man I shall
temper self-respect and self-discipline, fear of God and respect for mankind, appreciation of
freedom and awareness of what sacrifices must be made to preserve freedom, and above all an
insatiable desire for truth and honesty. And when all these things I have done, I shall brand my
finished work with a ring of gold to let all of humanity know that I have given back to the world
a ...Citadel Man.
For additional information click Prayers.
CADET LITERARY SOCIETIES
In the 19th century the cadets had debating societies which took the place of intercollegiate sports. The eighth and final mural in the Daniel Library shows an exciting night in their history. It is 8 x 13 and was dedicated May 30, 1963. It is somewhat humorous, depicting an overly loud debate between the Calliopean and Polytechnic literary societies that became so intense that it brought the Superintendent, Col. J. P. Thomas into the room. Only three cadets notice his presence and are trying to get the others to quiet down. The scene is in 1883. For more information click Cadet Literary Societies (HN)
CADET SERVICE CENTER
This building includes the cadet store and the tailor shop.
CADET STORE
Sells uniform accessories, textbooks and various office supplies. In 2003 it was named inhonor of Tommy B. Hunter, retired longterm store manager. (HN & DH)
CADETS--LONGEST AT THE CITADEL
Thomas, Luther Austin became a 4th classman in Sept. 1942. He left in June 1951 without graduating, but he was honorably discharged. He was not here all that time but dropped out and then started again. (Source: Hettie McFadden) Lauren Carpinelli started in Sept., 1959 and graduated in 1965; He was here full time for 6 1/2 years. (Source: Col. Courvoisie) Another candidate would be Jay Orr. He began his knob year in 1991. After much determination and persistence, he graduated in December, 2000 and is very proud of it. (Source: Kurt Walters, '95. Columbia, SC.). As my grandfather used to say, "People don't ask how long it took. They just ask, 'Who did it?'" (HN)
CADETS--STATURE OF
The stature of cadets has changed greatly through the years. Anthopometric research indicates that the stature of male cadets born in the 1880s-1890s declined, while that of cadets born in the 1920s-1930s increased significantly. [Source: Peter A. Coclanis and John Komlos, "The Stature of Citadel Cadets, 1880-1940: An Anthropometric View of the New South," South Carolina Historical Magazine, vo. 98, no. 2 (April 1997), pp. 153-176] (DH)
CALHOUN, JOHN CALDWELL
1782-1850. Graduate of Yale. From 1811-1817 he was in the House of Representatives, known for his strong nationalism. From 1817-1825 he was Secretary of War. From 1825-1832 he was Vice-President of the United States, resigning this office because of disagreement with President Jackson over nullification. He was a United States Senator, 1832-1842, 1845-1850. His portrait hangs at the entrance to the Daniel Library. He and James F. Byrnes are considered by many to be the two most prestigious South Carolinians of all time. It does not appear that he had any connection to The Citadel, whatsoever. His portrait hangs in Daniel Library. (Sources: Encyclopedia of Southern History, p. 171. REF R207.7 .E52; American National Biography, vol. 4, pp. 213-216. REF CTY213 .A68 1999 v. 4) (HN)
CALLIOPEAN LITERARY SOCIETY
Established in 1845, it was for many years the oldest cadet society on campus. It usually had about 50 members from all four classes. Any Citadel student could join the society and meetings were open to all. It no longer functions. Its motto was"Sapere audi," Latin for "Dare to Know" (or "Dare to Be Wise") The line was taken from Horace, Epistles I.ii . (Source for quotation: Bergen Evans, Dictionary of Quotations, p. 756. REFERENCE PN6081 .E9) (HN & DH)
CAMERON, JOSEPH R.
Former Registrar of The Citadel. (Source: Brigadier 9 Sept. 1977, p. 3.) Col. Cameron, who was teaching Sunday school at the time, asked the reference librarian where the Biblical commentaries were located. He was told, "that's BS." Gentleman that he is, he replied that he did not take kindly to that remark. Upon being told that "BS" is the classification that the Library of Congress uses for Biblical material, he had a hearty chuckle. (HN)
CANNON BALL--MUSEUM
The museum cannon ball was presented to The Citadel by General Beauregard in 1863. It was subsequently taken to West Point. On Feb. 10, 1913, it was returned to The Citadel through the efforts of COL. Oliver Bond, who was the president of The Citadel at the time. It was fired by a 15-inch Dahlgren Smoothbore. (Sources: Charleston Mercury, May 1863; Oliver Bond Papers, Box 5, folder 1, in Archives & Museum; Jack Bell, Civil War Heavy Explosive Ordnance, p. 84. UF753 .B44 2003) (HN & DH)
CANNONS--BETSY & LIZZIE
Alternate names for the two salute guns in front of Bond Hall. Facing Bond Hall, Betsy, named after George Edward Haynsworth's wife, is on the left; and Lizzie, named after Samuel Bonneau Pickens' wife, is on the right. They are also called Haynsworth and Pickens, their original names.
CANNON--BOND HALL
This cannon is a seven-inch bow gun from the Confederate ironclad Palmetto State. On January 31, 1863, this bow gun fired and struck the U.S.S. Mercedita in Charleston Harbor in one of the efforts to break the Union naval blockade. The C.S.S. Palmetto State was an ironclad ram built in Charleston and commissioned in September 1862. Women of the state helped to finance the building of the ship by selling their jewelry. It was active in the Charleston vicinity during the war. When Charleston was evacuated on February 18, 1865, the ironclad was destroyed. According to eyewitnesses, when the ship blew up in Charleston Harbor, "her smoke, high against the sky, formed a perfect palmetto tree"--symbolizing for many the fate of Confederate South Carolina. The cannon was dredged up from the Cooper River in the fall of 1929 and was presented to The Citadel by Major N. Y. Duhamel, the resident U. S. Army engineer. (Sources: "Gun Dredged from Cooper Served the South's Navy," News and Courier, Dec. 15, 1929, p. 7-B; Brian Hicks, "Journal Holds Clues to Treasure," Post and Courier, Oct. 27, 2005, pp. 1A, 11A; Official Records of the Union and Confederater Navies in the War of the Rebellion , Series 1, Vol. 13, p. 617. THIRD FLOOR STACKS E591 .U58 1987; U. S. Department of the Navy, Naval Historical Center Online Library of Selected Images: Ships of the Confederate States. http://www.history.navy.mil/photo/sh-us-cs/csa-sh, accessed on Feb. 28, 2005; E. Milby Burton, The Siege of Charleston, 1861-1865, p. 321. E470.65 .B87)
CANNONS--HAYNSWORTH AND PICKENS
On Oct. 18 1966, the two salute guns were officially named the Haynsworth and Pickens cannons, after two of the cadets who fired the cannons on the "Star of The West," in January 1861: George Edward Haynsworth and Samuel Bonneau Pickens. They were originally 3 inch (76 mm) guns. When they came to The Citadel, though, adapters were put on each one of them so they could fire standard 75 mm blanks. Prior to their acquisition, 105 mm howitzers were used. These guns are still the property of the U.S. Army. One of them is on loan from the Army Transportation Corp. They were built early in World War II for long range use. Unfortunately, they were inaccurate so few were manufactured. Some were used after World War II in target practice at Fort Sill, but most were converted to salute guns.
Facing Bond Hall the gun on the left is Betsy (Haynsworth's wife), and the gun on the right is Lizzie (Picken's wife). The names Betsy and Lizzie are stenciled on the guns. (Source: Brigadier, Jan. 25, 1974, p. 5; March 22, 1969.)
CANNONS--JENKINS HALL
These three cannons were formerly in front of Mark Clark Hall. They were put in their present location in 1977 to make way for the Seraph Memorial.
CANNONS--MURRAY BARRACKS
The two cannons in front of Murray Barracks are United States ordnance pieces dated 1863. They were captured by the Confederate forces and used by them. In April 1960, They were placed in their present location.
CANNONS--MUSEUM
The plaque reads: "10 pounder parrott rifle gun cast at West Point foundry, Cold Spring, NY, early 1861. Dug up on the site of new city hall in Spartanburg SC in Sept. 1959. Historic and priceless. Established to be one of twelve 10-pounder parrott rifles bought by the state of Virginia before the War Between the States, on advice of future general Stonewall Jackson after he tested a parrott rifle at VMI in July, 1860. Confederates first used these parrotts at Big Bethel, VA, June 10- 1861. None other of original 12 Virginia Parott rifles for Jackson's VMI test known to be in existence. A.A. Aurthur Museum-Union SC." {The plaque was written in all caps. Punctuation added to increase readability.] Major Steven Smith says: "The parrott gun was the invention of Mr. Robert P Parrott, a 1824 graduate of West Point, who resigned his commission in 1836 and assumed the superintendancy of the West Point Foundry, Cold Spring, NY. The cannons were distinguished by a single reinforcing band around the breech of the iron tube. His first rifled cannon design, a 10-pounder (2.9-inch calibre) was turned out in 1860. He received a papent for his design in 1861 and had dcveloped the 20-pounder (3.67- inch calibre) and 30-pounder (4.2-inch calibre) versions, among other models. In 1864 the 3- inch Parrott rifle replaced the 10-pounder (2.9-inch calibre ) rifle. (Source: Major Steven V. Smith, Commandant, 1st Barracks. The Citadel, March, 2001) (HN)
CANNONS--NUMBER
There are 14 cannons on The Citadel campus.
2 on the Parade Ground: Haynesworth and Pickens
1 in front of Bond Hall
2 in front of Padgett-Thomas
2 in front of Murray
1 in front of the Museum
1 touchdown cannon
1 on the Sherman Tank
1 on the Amphibious Tank
3 in front of Jenkins Hall (HN)
CANNONS--PADGETT-THOMAS
The two brass cannons in front of Padgett-Thomas are nicknamed Pixie and Dixie, after two cartoon mice from the Huckleberry Hound show that was popular on television in the 1960s. Their nemesis was a cat named Mr. Jinx. They were made by Hanna and Barbera, the same people who produced Tom and Jerry, thus the similarity. Contrary to a tradition that calls them Napoleons, they are in fact bronze model 1841 6-lb. guns that were cast by either Cyrus Alger and Co. of Boston, Mass., or the N. P. Ames Foundry of Springfield, Mass. These two manufacturers were the primary producers of this type of cannon for the federal government from 1835 until 1862. (Source: MAJ Steven Smith, "Silent Sentinels," The Brigadier, Oct. 17, 2003, p. 5) (DH)
CANNONS--STAR OF THE WEST FIRING
The cadets used 1848, 24-lb. howitzers on the actual firing on the Star of the West in 1861. In the 1960 reenactment, they used 1841, 6-lb. cannons.
CANTEEN
Known also as the Frank W. Munnerlyn Snack Bar. It was renovated in 1993 and named for Frank Munnerlyn, class of 1935. It was formerly located on the first floor of Mark Clark Hall, where the Gift Shop is now located. In 1993 the bowling alleys, located at the north wing of Mark Clark Hall, were taken out so this area could became the new canteen. (HN)
CAP DEVICE
The design of the cap badge of the S. C. Corps of Cadets consists of a palmetto tree, with the name of the College, the date of its founding (1842), anda the ovals of the obverse and reverse of the S. C. state seal. This emblem also appears as the central picture of The Citadel Ring and is used for the mace-head of The Citadel's ceremonial mace. The mottoes on the state seal are: Animis opibusque parati (AH-nee-meese OH-pee-BOOSE-quay pa-RAH-tee) (prepared in mind and resources); and Dum spiro spero (DOOM SPEE-roe SPAY-roe) (While I breathe I hope). [Sources: South Carolina Legislative Manual (latest edition at the Library Reference Desk); David C. R. Heisser, The South Carolina State Seal; A Short History. REF CD5618 .S6 H45 1992] See also SEAL---SOUTH CAROLINA;
CAPERS, ELLISON
1837-1908. One of the most distinguished graduates of The Citadel. Class of 1857. He was the younger brother of Maj. Francis W. Capers, the Superintendent of The Citadel at the time. He became a brigadier general in the Confederate Army. He later became the Episcopal Bishop of South Carolina from 1894 to his death. He served as chancellor of the University of the South, 1904-1908. (Sources: Ezra Warner Generals in Gray, pp. 43-44.REFERENCE E467 .W3; Dictionary of American Biography, vol. 3, p. 483. REFERENCE E176 .D56; Michael D. Blackwell, Remember Now Thy Creator in the Days of Thy Youth, pp. 184-201) (HN)
CAPERS, FRANCIS WITHERS
August 8, 1819-Jan 12, 1892. Maj. Capers was the Superintendent of The Citadel, 1852-1859, and the older brother of Ellison Capers. His portrait hangs in the Daniel Library. (Sources: South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, vol. 2, p. 288 (1901). Charleston News & Courier, Jan. 13, 1892, p. 8.)
CAPERS HALL
Named after Maj. Francis W. Capers, Superintendent of The Citadel, 1852-1859, and his younger brother, Brig. Gen. Ellison Capers, CSA, Episcopal Bishop of S.C., and Chancellor of the University of the South (Sewanee).
CAPERS--PRAYER
The following prayer is attributed to Ellison Capers while a cadet at The Citadel, June 1857. It comes from The Journal of Tom Law, 1857. Capers later became the Episcopal Bishop of South Carolina.
    Lord of love
    Look from above
    Upon this tainted ham;
    And give us meat
    That's fit to eat
    For this ain't worth a damn!
CAPTAIN'S BRIDE, GENERAL'S LADY
Memoir written by Maureen "Renie" Doran Clark, first wife of General Mark W. Clark. E745 .C45 A35 1956
CARILLON
The carillon or bell tower is 90 feet high. It towers over the Chapel by 35 feet. It was funded by the Daniel brothers, Charles E. and R. Hugh. Click Daniel (Source: News and Courier, 6 December 1954.) For additional information click Carillon. The Citadel Class of 1957 undertook a project to renovate the bell tower and raised $500,000 for this purpose. The leader of the effort was Harry van Bergen, whose Dutch ancestors cast the carillon's bells. In 2004 work was completed. In addition to the renovation of the tower, 25 new smaller bells were added to the carillon, cast at Fonderie Paccard in France. (Sources: Robert Behre, "Citadel's Long-Neglected Carillon to Peal Again," Post and Courier, Sept. 23, 2002, pp. 1B, 5B; Warren Wise, "After 20 Years, Citadel Cadets to Get Their Rings: Class of '57 Restores Mostly Silent Bell Tower," Post and Courier, May 28, 2004, p. 1B) (HN and DH)
CARILLON BELLS
(Thomas Dry Howie Carillon). There are 59 bells in the Carillon. The largest weighs 4,400 lbs. The smallest weighs 25 lbs. Together, all of the bells weigh 15 tons. The largest bell is called the great Bourdon. (HN)
CARILLON BELLS--INSCRIPTION
"Proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof." This comes from a Bible verse (Leviticus 25:10). The words also appear on the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia and the replica of the Liberty Bell in Bond Hall. (HN and DH)
CARPINELLI, LAUREN
Sept. 1959-1965; may be the graduate who was here the longest. (Source: Col. Courvoisie) (HN)
CARSON, BOB
Click: Mess Hall-Football Picture
CARTER, HARRY S.
Provost, 1999-2004. Brig. Gen. Carter succeeded Brig. Gen. Roger C. Poole, '59. Dr. Carter has a bachelor's degree from Georgia Southern, a master's in management science from the United States International University, and a Ph.D. from the University of Georgia in management science and information systems. Before coming to The Citadel Dr. Carter was Vice-President and Provost for Academic Affairs, and also Interim President at Georgia Southern University. In 2004 he became Professor of Business Administration. In 2006 he became Interim Provost, on the resignation of Provost Donald A. Steven. (HN & DH)
CATALINE
Click How many days to graduation?.
CAUSEY, ROYCE REGINALD ("REGGIE")
1945-1996. Citadel Class of 1968. Served in the U.S. Army with the rank of captain. Owned and operated All Seasons Landscaping in Charleston. Served as Superintendent of Grounds and Contractual Services at The Citadel, where he was greatly admired and respected. An oak tree dedicated to his memory was planted in front of LeTellier Hall. Due to renovation of LeTellier, the tree was moved and now grows in front of Padgett-Thomas Barracks. (Sources: "Royce R. Causey," Post and Courier, January 18, 1996, p. 14A; Citadel Alumni Directory, 1983, p. 59; information furnished by Deborah Tillman Causey) (PR & DH)
CHAPEL FLAGS--OTHER THAN THE FIFTY STATES
    Christian
    The Citadel Flag
    Guam
    Puerto Rico
    United States
    Virgin Islands
    Washington, D.C.
Confederate Battle Flag
CHAPMAN, ALVAH HERMAN, JR.
March 21, 1921-. Class of 1942. President of the Knight-Ridder Newspapers, 1973-1982. CEO of Knight-Ridder Newspapers, 1976-1988. Chairman of Knight-Ridder newspapers, 1982-1989. In 1971 he received an Honorary Doctor of Laws from The Citadel and delivered the commencement address. His portrait hangs in the Daniel Library.[Sources: Who's Who in America. 2005, VOL. 1, p. 776. REF E176 .W642; Citadel Archives Files; CDR Bruce E. Williams, "Alvah Chapman, '42: The Right Man, The Right Path," Citadel Magazine, vol 1, no. 2 (winter 1999), pp. 24-27. PRIOLEAU ROOM U430 .C5 A823](HN)
CHARLES, PRINCE OF WALES
Prince Charles visited The Citadel and Charleston, Oct. 22, 1977, a Saturday. He spoke before a review of the Corps of Cadets. (Source: News & Courier, Oct. 22, 1977, p. 1. Oct. 23, 1977, pp. 1-4. Brigadier Oct. 14, 1977, p. 1.)
CHEERS AND YELLS
Click Cheers and Yells to see some Citadel cheers and yells. (Source: The Guidon, 1998-1999, pp. 168-169.)
CHILDERS, THERREL SHANE
1972-2003. 1st Lieutenant, U.S.M.C. Citadel Class of 2001. First Citadel graduate to die in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Born in Harrison County, Miss. Attended The Citadel as an active-duty Marine in the MECEP Program. Majored in French. He served in the 1st Battalion, 5th Marine Regiment, 1st Marine Division. He was leading a platoon that was capturing the Ramalla oil fields when he was shot in the stomach and died on 21 March 2003. At time of death he was a 2nd Lieutenant, but was promoted posthumously to 1st Lieutenant. His life, career and sacrifice are celebrated in Shane Comes Home, by Rinker Buck (DS79.76 .B83 2005). (Source: Citadel Public Affairs Office, News Release, April 7, 2003)(DH)
CHILDRESS, JOHN
Class of 1970. Commander of the 1970 Junior Sword Drill. "John died in 1998 when he guided his crippled jet to a deserted area before ejecting. He could have ejected earlier and lived, but that would have allowed his jet to crash in a populated area and risk many lives. John chose to ride the jet down, and save others, but lost his own life. John was a friend who lived and died a hero. (Source:Information given to Lt. Col. Nath by Bothwell F. Graham, Class of 1969;Brigadier, January 22, 1999, p.3) (HN)
CHIMNEY--BOILER
The boiler chimney, 1921-1974, was the subject of two of the most popular mess riddles ever asked.
Q. How many bricks are in the chimney?
A. None; if there were bricks in it the smoke couldn't come out.
Q. How many bricks did it take to finish the chimney?
A. 1 (one).
CHINA--SUMMERALL
Summerall's artillery battery was assigned to the China Relief Expedition during the Boxer Rebellion. Try as they might they could not hit the gate. "...despite heavy fire he used chalk to mark a target for his platoon cannon on a gate of the first wall and repeated this effort at a gate of the second wall." This demonstrated his own bravery and the effective use of artillery. (Source: Dictionary of American Biography. Supplement Five, 1951-1955, p. 665.)
CHRONOLOGY
1842     On December 20, the South Carolina State Legislature enacts law establishing The Citadel.
1843     On March 20, twenty-eight cadets from South Carolina enter The Citadel.
1846     On November 20, first class graduates from The Citadel.
1846     From November 20-December 24, The Citadel trains the Palmetto Regiment on Marion Square for combat during the Mexican- American War. The Palmetto Regiment fights under General Winfield Scott at Vera Cruz.
1861     On January 9, Citadel cadets fire "first shots of the Civil War" on the Federal steamer, Star of the West, which was trying to resupply and garrison Fort Sumter.
1863     On July 1-3, the following Citadel graduates were killed at Gettysburg: D. T. Williams, class of 1852; G. M. McDowell, class of 1856, and J. A. Burns, class of 1861.
1864     On December 7, the Corps of Cadets drive Federal Troops from Tulifinny Creek trestle, on the Charleston-Savannah railroad near Pocotaligo, S.C.
1865     On February 17, the Cadet Corps leaves the Old Citadel for its historic march to North Carolina to support General Joseph Johnston, or to western South Carolina to support Hardee's Corps.
1865     On February 18, Federal troops enter Charleston and occupy the Old Citadel.
1865     On May 9, the Corps of Cadets is disbanded in front of the courthouse at Newberry, S.C. This was 31 days after Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomatox.
1882     On October 21, The Citadel is reopened at Marion Square with 185 new cadets.
1898     Twenty-five Citadel graduates serve during the Spanish-American War.
1910     On February 25, the South Carolina Military Academy officially becomes The Citadel.
1912     The Citadel establishes a degree in civil engineering.
1917     All thirty-three members of the class of 1917 served in the U.S. Armed Forces during WWI.
1922     The Citadel moves from Marion Square to Hampton Park.
1924     On December 5, The Citadel becomes a fully accredited four-year college.
1931     In September, General Charles P. Summerall becomes the tenth president. He serves until 1953.
1935     On October 24, President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivers a speech on the Parade Ground.
1936     The Citadel joins the Southern Conference for intercollegiate activities.
1941-1945     277 Citadel graduates were killed in WWII.
1954     General Mark W. Clark becomes President. He serves until 1965.
1954     On April 12, President Dwight D. Eisenhower visits The Citadel and receives an honorary degee.
1970     Charles Foster and Joseph Shine become the first black graduates.
1975     President Gerald Ford receives an honorary degree. He was a shipmate of Col. Dennis Nicholson, former Vice-President for Development in World War II.
1989     On September 20, Hurricane Hugo devastates Charleston and The Citadel.
1991     In March, the Persian Gulf War ends with more than 200 graduates and 22 cadets serving on active duty.
1993     Shannon Faulkner admitted then rejected by The Citadel after it is discovered she is a female.
1995     Shannon Faulkner admitted as the first female cadet but shortly withdraws.
1996     Four women enter The Citadel as cadets: Mace, Lovetinska, Messer, and Mentavlos.
1999     Mace, is the first female graduate of the Corps of Cadets.
2002 First seven African American female cadets graduate.
CID, EL
The Citadel's nickname was inspired by the 1961 epic film "El Cid," starring Charlton Heston and Sophia Loren. At the time many cadets took thir "The Citadel" auto decals and cobbled them up to "EL CID." One alumnus recalls that The Boo (LTC Courvoisie) came by while he was mounting the altered decal and "tried to shame him into foregoing the activity"--which the cadet did until The Boo was out of sight. [source: communication from Alfred E. (Ed) Williamson, Echo Company, Citadel Class of 1963; communication from MAJ Steven Smith, Commandant's Office, March 1, 2007] (DH)
CITADEL--ACCREDITATION
See section on accreditation in the Fact Book in Quick Facts on The Citadel Web site.
CITADEL ADMINISTRATION
See Fact Book in Quick Facts on The Citadel Web site.
CITADEL CODE
Written by Gen. Charles P. Summerall. Printed inside the back cover of the Guidon (copy of latest edition at the Daniel Library Reference Desk).
CITADEL CREED
    I will always endeavor to uphold the prestige, honor, and high esprit de corps of The Citadel and the South Carolina Corps of Cadets.
    Never shall I fail my comrades. I will always keep myself mentally alert, physically tough, and morally straight, and I will shoulder more than my share of the task whatever it may be.
    Gallantly will I show the world that I am a well-trained cadet. My courtesy to superior officers, neatness of dress, and care of equipment shall set the example for others to follow.
    And under no circumstances will I ever bring discredit to The Citadel and the South Carolina Corps of Cadets.
(Brig. Gen. James E. Mace, USA, Ret., '63)
CITADEL--DEFINITION
"What is The Citadel? The Citadel is an institution of higher learning to mold our minds, morals, and bodies so that we may be fit officers and better civilians of our country. More than that, however, it is a fortress of duty, a sentinel of responsibility, a bastion of antiquity, a towering bulwark of rigid discipline, instilling within us high ideals, honor, uprightness, loyality, patriotism, obedience, initiative, leadership, professional knowledge, and pride in achievement." (Source: The Guidon, 1998-99, p. 74.)
CITADEL--DEPARTMENT HEADS
See Citadel Fact Book on The Citadel Web site.
CITADEL--ENDOWED CHAIRS
See Citadel Fact Book on The Citadel Web site.
CITADEL--HISTORY
See "Brief History" on The Citadel Web site.
CITADEL--MAP
See "Directions and Maps" on The Citadel Web site.
CITADEL--MEDAL
Awarded by the Society of the Cincinnati since 1962. The plaque is located in the foyer of Bond Hall. The following quote appears at the bottom of the plaque: "He Abandons Every Thing to Serve His Country." A complete list of the winners is on the plaque. Here are the first and the last five years.
1962 William C. Anderson
1995 J. Kevin Jarrard
1996 Matther W. Pantsari
1997 Gregory L. Jones
1998 Reggie L. Gibbs
1999 Deedrik l. Reese
2000 Hilburen B. Caulder
CITADEL--MISSION
See "Citadel Statement of Vision, Core Values and Mission" in the Fact Book under Quick Facts on The Citadel Web site.
CITADEL--NAME
In 1910 the South Carolina legislature enacted a law to establish the official name of The Citadel. The text of the law is:
"No. 352. An Act to Change the Name of the South Carolina Military Academy to 'The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina.' Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina, That the name of the South Carolina Military Academy be, and the same is hereby, changed to 'The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina.' Section 2. That all Acts and part of Acts inconsistent with the provisions of this Act be, and they are hereby, repealed. Approved the 25th day of February, A.D. 1910." The word "The" in the official name is capitalized twice. (Source: Act no. 352, South Carolina, Acts and Joint Resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina, 1910, p. 684. (HN & DH)
CITADEL--OPERATION
"Fall Zitadelle" (English translation: Operation Citadel) was the German operation against Kursk Salient in Southern Russia. It began 5 July 1943. It was the largest tank battle in history. (HN)
CITADEL--ORGANIZATION
Click Citadel Organization to see a table describing the organization of the administration, not the Corps itself.
CITADEL--PRAYER
Click Prayers
CITADEL--PROFILE
See "General Facts--College Profile" in the Fact Book under Quick Facts on The Citadel Web site.
CITADEL--TRUST
See "Finances--Citadel Trust" in the Fact Book under Quick Facts on The Citadel Web site.
CITADEL--TUITION
See "Finances--Tuition and Fees for Full-time Students in the Corps of Cadets" in the Fact Book under Quick Facts on The Citadel Web site.
CITADELS
The word "citadel" has as its root the Italian word for "city" (derived from Latin) and was originally meant to describe a fortress that dominates and defends a city. Given the origin of The Citadel Military College in the aftermath of the Denmark Vesey affair, the use of this name is most appropriate.
Around the world there are many fortresses called citadels. Some of the more famous ones are--
Salah al-Din (Saladin) Citadel, Cairo, Egypt. A lieutenant of Saladin began construction in the 1170s as a center of government. One of Cairo's most popular tourist sites, it contains three mosques.
Spandau Citadel (Zitadelle Spandau), Berlin, Germany. A well-preserved Renaissance foritification, begun in the 16th century.
Citadel of Mainz (Zitadelle Mainz), Mainz, Germany. Erected in 1660. used as a military barracks until World War I. During World War II it was used as an air raid shelter.
Citadel of Jülich (Zitadelle Jülich), Jülich, Germany. Built in 1545, the oldest European citadel north of the Alps.
Citadelle La Ferrière, Cap-Haïtien, Haiti. High on a mountainside on the north coast of Haiti, this is the greatest fortress in the Caribbean and one of the architectural wonders of the world. It was constructed by command of Henry Christophe, general, former slave and ruler of northern Haiti as King Henry I. Built between 1805 and 1820 to defend Haitian independence in the event of a French invasion to recolonize the country and enslave the black people. The structure covers 10,000 square meters, has walls up to 120 feet high, and is built over 2,000 feet up a mountain.
Citadel of Québec (Citadelle du Québec), Québec City, Québec. Called the Gibraltar of America, built by the French in the 18th century. Still the seat of an active Canadian military garrison, it contains the official residence of the Governor General of Canada in Québec.
Citadel of Besançon (Citadelle de Besançon), Besançon, France. Built by Louis XIV's military architect Marshal de Vauban.
Citadel of Acre, Acre (Akko), Israel. The present building is an Ottoman construction on the foundation of a citadel erected by Crusaders. In the 20th century it was most famous for having been used by the British as a maximum security prison during the Palestine Mandate. Jewish resistance leaders, whom the British considered terrorists, were incarcerated in the Citadel Prison, and some were hanged there. In 1947 a group of Irgun prisoners made a daring break, and many Arab and Jewish prisoners escaped. The incident was dramatized in the 1960 film Exodus, directed by Otto Preminger and starring Paul Newman, Eva Marie Saint and Sal Mineo.
Citadel of Namur, Namur, Belgium. A medieval fortress was built on the site of the original Roman fortifications, then added to in the 17th century. One of Europe's largest fortified structures. Used as a barracks by the Belgian army until World War II.
Krujë Citadel, Krujë, Albania. Originally built in the 6th century A.D., famed for its successful defense in the 15th century by Skanderbeg, Albania's Christian national hero, against the Ottoman Turks.
Citadel of Buda (Citadella), Budapest, Hungary. Erected in the 1850s by the Habsburg Monarchy to dominate Budapest and suppress Hungarian independence movements.
Citadel of Warsaw (Cytadela), Warsaw, Poland. Built by command of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia after the 1830 Polish Revolt, for the purpose of suppressing future nationalist uprisings. Many Polish patriots were imprisoned here by Russia until World War I. During the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, its German garrison used it as a post from which to suppress the fighting Poles. Since World War II it has been used by the Polish Army.
Citadel of Hué (Citadelle de Hué), Hué, Vietnam. Constructed between 1803 and 1832, this was the center of the Imperial City in Hué, the residence of the Emperors of Vietnam and an historic cultural center. The Citadel was famed for its beauty. In 1968 Hué was the scene of the longest and bloodiest battle of the Communist Têt Offensive. Communist soldiers occupied the Citadel, and it required weeks of fighting by South Vietnamese and US Marines to force them out. In the process, much of the Citadel was destroyed, along with half of the city. Since the end of the Vietnam War, the Citadel has been the object of extensive conservation and rebuilding, and is today an important tourist attrraction.
Some other famous citadels are located in Port-Louis (France), Pamplona (Spain), Aleppo and Damascus (Syria), Bastia (Corsica, France) and Gozo (Malta).
(DH)
CIVIL WAR--CASUALTIES
First cadet killed was R. A. Palmer (1852). He was killed at Manassas Station, Virginia, on 21 July 1861. 49 Citadel graduates gave their lives for the Confederacy. 36 were killed in action or died from wounds received on the battlefield. Seven died from wounds or disease contracted while in military service. (Sources: Oliver J. Bond, The Story of The Citadel, p. 58. U430 .C5 S57 1989; Gary R. Baker, Cadets in Gray, p. 187. E470.65 .B3 1989)
CIVIL WAR CENTENNIAL
1961-1965. The first event of the national centennial was the reenactment of the firing on the federal ship, Star of the the West by Citadel cadets. Company R was designated to serve as the corps of 1861. They were outfitted in Civil War uniforms and authorized to wear their hair to Civil War length. They carried period rifles, and had to learn the manual of arms of the time. The reenactment took place at White Point Gardens on the Battery rather than at Morris Island. It was estimated that 24,000 people saw the event. (Source: D. D. Nicholson, A History of The Citadel: The Years of Summerall and Clark, pp. 312-316. U430 .C5 N53 1994. )
CIVIL WAR--CITADEL
For general information about the Civil War see the following books:
Baker, Gary R.,Cadets in Gray: The Story of the Cadets of the South Carolina Military Academy and the Cadet Rangers in the Civil War. E470.65 .B3 1989.
Bond, Oliver, Story of the Citadel. 1933. U430 S57. 1933) Thomas, John P., History of the South Carolina Military Academy. 1993. U430 S51 T55,
CIVIL WAR--FIRST BATTLE
The firing on the Star of the West by Citadel cadets on 9 January 1861 is often cited as the opening of the War; but the ship was not a United States Naval vessel, so the incident is considered by some to not have been a military engagement. The firing on Fort Sumter on 12 April 1861 is probably the most popular date for the first battle. However, it was not the first engagement on land. According to the West Point Atlas of American Wars, Vol. I, page facing map 18 (REF G1201 .S1 U5), "the first engagement of the war had actually taken place on 10 June 1861, at Big Bethel (near Fort Monroe, Virginia), where Col. John B. Magruder won a victory for the Confederacy." (Source: Prof. John Coussons, Department of History, The Citadel, 1996) (DH)
CIVIL WAR--GENERALS
Major General: Evander M. Law, class of 1856
Brigadier General: Micah Jenkins, class of 1854
Brigadier General: Ellison Capers, Class of 1857
Brigadier General: Johnson Hagood, class of 1847
CIVIL WAR--LAST SHOT
The last shot of the Civil War was reputedly fired by the Arsenal Cadets in 1865 under the command of John P. Thomas, their superintendent. It occurred on 1 May 1865 near Williamston, SC. The entire incident lasted only 3-4 munutes, so it may not be mentioned by historians. The Arsenal, which never reopened, was the sister academy of The Citadel. Thomas later became the superintendent of The Citadel, 1882-1885, and then Chairman of the Board of Visitors. Bond describes the incident in detail and states that The Citadel and the Arsenal fired both the first and last shots of the Civil War. The Arsenal Cadets aare said to have been the last amed Confederate force in South Carolina. They never surrendered, but were disbanded at Newberry Court House, S.C., May 9, 1865. A painting of The Stacking of the Arms by the Arsenal Corps at Newberry Court House hangs in Daniel Library. It formerly hung in the Coussons Room of Capers Hall. (Sources: Oliver Bond, Story of The Citadel, p. 85. U430 .C5 S57 1989; John Peyre Thomas, The History of the Sourh Carolina Military Academy, pp. 198-200. U430 .S51 T55 1991; Gary R. Baker, Cadets in Gray, pp.177-185. E470.65 .B3 1989; communication from CPT John Coussons, USN (Ret.), Ph.D., Professor Emeritus of History, June 27, 2001 )(HN & DH)
CIVIL WAR--MARINE CORPS.
James Thurston was the only Citadel graduate to serve in the CSA Marine Corps. His grade was Lieutenant. Class of 1861. (Source: Gary R. Baker, Cadets in Gray, p. 18. E470.65 .B3 1989) (HN & DH)
CLARK, MARK WAYNE
1896-1984. General, USA. President of The Citadel, 1954-1965. Graduated from West Point in 1917. His rank was a lieutenant. His roommate at West Point was William C. McMahon, who later became a Major General. During World War II he was the commanding general of the Fifth Army in Italy. While serving in Italy he acquired an interest in Italian furniture. He was the commanding general during the Korean War. How he came to The Citadel is very interestingly explained in Col. Nicholson's book. Governor James F. Byrnes, who was the former Sectetary of State, was the one who asked him if wanted the position. His letter of recommendation came from the President of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower.
    In 1955, General Clark appeared on the television show "This is Your Life." It was produced and coordinated by Jan Miller, the wife of the noted artist, David Humphreys Miller. General Clark's acquaintance with the Millers probably contributed to the placement of eight murals in the Daniel Library depicting Citadel history. He was also friendly with many of the world's notables. Winston Churchill originated one of his nicknames, The American Eagle. That was occasioned primarily by his being a great American hero, but it might also have involved a little friendly kidding about the size of his nose. General Clark also wrote two books, Calculated Risk about his campaigns during World War II (call number D766.82 .C5 1950); and From the Danube to the Yalu which continued his life until the close of the Korean War (call number DS918 .C55). General Clark's papers are preserved in The Citadel Archives & Museum.
    He is depicted on the library mural showing the Corps of Cadets, 1962. His portrait also hangs in the Daniel Library. It is even more noteworthy in that it was painted by his daughter, Anne Clark Oosting. [Sources: Martin Blumenson, Mark Clark. E745 .C45 B58 1984; Dennis D. Nicholson, Jr. A History of The Citadel: The Years of Summerall and Clark. U430 .C5 N53 1994; American National Biography, vol. 4, pp. 940-942. REF CT213 .A68 1999 v. 4; Dictionary of American Military Biography, vol. 1, pp. 180-182. REF U52 .D53 1984; W. Gary Nichols, "The General As President: Charles P. Summerall and Mark W. Clarki As Presidents of The Citadel," South Carolina Historical Magazine 95, no. 4 (October 1994): 314-335 ](HN)
Click here to go to the Gen. Mark W. Clark Papers--Finding Aid.
CLARK, MARK WAYNE--DOG
The full-length portrait of General Clark in the south lounge of Mark Clark Hall shows his dog, a spaniel.
CLARK, MARK WAYNE--FAVORITE PRAYER
It is entitled, "On The Eve Of Battle."
On This eve of battle we ask Thee, our Heavenly Father, for strength and courage. We fight, not only for our country, but for our God as well, because we battle for continuance of Christian principles among all men. Give us the strength and the courage to fight well. Help us, in our hour of need, to follow the words of the Bible: "Be of good courage, and let us behave ourselves for our people, and for the cities of our God".
Give us Thy guidance, Dear Lord, in the hours of crisis that lie ahead. Grant us the power to face our enemies and Thine enemies without fear. And bless, we pray Thee, our families and loved ones at home. Give them comfort and courage and grant them Thy divine protection. These things we ask in Thy name. Amen.
It was included in the Soldiers' and Sailors' Prayer Book. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1944, p. 23.
"It is a pleasure to contribute to the Soldiers' and Sailors' Prayer Book. I am convinced that a soldier can find strength through prayer. All my life I have found prayer stimulating and comforting, particularly during critical periods." Lieutenant Gen. Mark W. Clark, USA, Commanding General, Fifth Army.
CLARK, MARK WAYNE--GRAVE
The following inscription is on Gen. Mark Clark's grave stone:
    MARK WAYNE CLARK
    1896 - 1984
    GENERAL U.S. ARMY
    PRESIDENT OF THE CITADEL
    1954 -1965
CLARK, MARY APPLEGATE
Mary Millard Applegate married General Clark on 17 Oct. 1967 at 11:45 A.M. (Source: Charleston News & Courier, 18 Oct. 1967, pp. 1-2.)
CLARK, MAUREEN (RENIE) DORAN
1892-1966 Married General Clark on May 17, 1924. Died 6 October 1966. Wrote Captain's Bride General's Lady., The Memoirs of Mrs. Mark W. Clark. E745 .C45 A35 1956 (HN)
CLASSES THAT DID NOT GRADUATE
1853 In the summer of 1852 an altercation between a cadet in the Second Class and the adjutant, who was a member of the First Class, led to the Second Classman's suspension. All the other members of the Second Class resolved to resign in a body unless their classmate was reinstated. The Board of Visitors decided to dismiss all 37 cadets in the Second Class. They were supposed to have graduated in November 1853.
1858 In September 1858, eleven cadets were suspended for refusing to follow an order by a professor "to rise and march out of the section room in a more orderly manner..." The Board of Visitors upheld dismissal of the 11 plus 13 other cadets who supported them. 23 cadets were dismissed. Ten others were not involved. One, de Caradeuc, expressed regret to the Board and was graduated in 1860.
1866-1885 Federal troops occupied The Citadel.
1898 In the 1898 incident most of the upperclassmen were expelled, but there were still five graduates.
1944 There were only two members of the class of 1944 that graduated. The others were drafted.
(Sources: Samuel Morris. A Tale That is Told; Stories Incidents Sketches of Carolina Life, pages 13-15. F273.M6; Oliver J. Bond, The Story of The Citadel, pp. 38-39, 42-43, 146-48.U430 .C5 S57 1989; Richard Marshall, "The Class That Did Not Graduate". Shako, Graduation, 1966, pp. 6-12; John P. Thomas. History of the South Carolina Military Academy, p. 415. U430 .S51 T55 1991; Alexander S. Macaulay, Jr., "Discipline and Rebellion: The Citadel Rebellion of 1898," South Carolina Historical Magazine, vol. 103, no. 1 (January 2002) pp. 30-47) For additional information click Class that did not graduate.
CLOVERLEAF
This refers to the path around the jet airplane. It also is called the Spade.
COAT OF ARMS-CITADEL
The Citadel does not use a coat of arms. The lovely plaque sold in the Gift Shop called a coat of arms is not official. See: SEAL--CITADEL
COCOANUT GROVE FIRE
The Cocoanut Grove Nightclub in Boston, Mass., was gutted by fire on the night of 28 November 1942, killing 498 people and wounding many others. Captain Walter Clinton Goodpasture, Jr., U.S.M.C. (1917-1942), Citadel Class of 1940, acted heroically to save about 20 people. Both he and his wife, Mary Brennen Daly Goodpasture, lost their lives in the conflagration. A stained glass window in the north transept of Summerall Chapel is dedicated to Capt. Goodpasture. The window portrays the Christian martyr Saint Stephen. (Sources: Footnotes to American History, pp. 514-515. REFERENCE Z1236 .S48; Dennis D. Nicholson, Jr., A History of The Citadel: The Years of Summerall and Clark U430 .C5 N53 1994, p.222; "Citadel Alumnus Dies in Big Fire: Capt. Goodpasture Perishes; Mrs. Goodpasture, Former Charlestonian, Missing," News and Courier, Dec. 1, 1942, p. 10; "Memorial Is Dedicated to Goodpasture," Bull Dog, Feb. 2, 1943, p. 1)(DH)
COGSWELL, JULIUS C.
Julius Chesnee Cogswell graduated from The Citadel in 1917. Died 29 Aug. 1947. As a 1st Lieut., USMC, was severely wounded fighting in World War I, 8 June 1918. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross, Navy Cross. Later promoted to Major. In later years was a Charleston real estate and insurance executive. (Sources: Oliver J. Bond, The Story of The Citadel U430 .C5 B57 1989, p. 191; News and Courier, August 31, 1947, p. 2)
COLCOCK, RICHARD W.
June 6, 1806-August 14, 1856. Superintendent, 1844-1852. Graduate of West Point, 1826. He resigned from the army in 1836 with the rank of first lieutenant. He then served as a civil engineer with the North Carolina Railroad. After leaving The Citadel he studied law, serving first as an attorney in Beaufort, then working briefly at the Charleston Customs House. [Source: John Peyre Thomas, The History of the South Carolina Military Academy, various pages (see index). U430 .S51 T55 1991) (HN)
COLLEGE PARK
Located at the northeast corner of Hampton Park, at the corner of Rutledge and Grove. From 1966 to 1997 it was home to The Citadel baseball team. With the opening of Riley Park in 1997, College Park was downgraded to a multi-purpose athletic facility. (HN)
COLLINS, QUINCY
Class of 1953. James Quincy Collins, Jr., was an outstanding USAF pilot in the Vietnam War. He was shot down on Sept. 2, 1965, and made a prisoner of war. North Vietnam released him on Feb. 12, 1973. In his career he accumulated aover 3,000 of jet time. His military decorations include: 2 Silver Stars; Legion of Merit; 2 Bronze Stars; 2 Air Medals; 2 Purple Hearts; Distinguished Service Medal; and Meritorious Service Medal. He retired from the Air Force as a Colonel in 1974. He later worked in business and civic affairs in Charlotte, N.C. (Source: "Bio, Collins, James Q.," http://www.pownetwork.org/bios/c/c090.htm, Feb. 8, 2005) (DH)
COMMANDANT OF CADETS
The Office of Commandant of Cadets was established by Superintendent Colonel Asbury Coward after he assumed the superintendency in 1890. Prior to that time the Superindent supervised cadet military discipline in addition to his other duties. With two exceptions, only graduates of the U. S. Military Academy (West Point) and of The Citadel have held the post. No Naval officer has served as Commandant and only one Marine: Colonel John F. Rivers, who was Interim Commandant in September 2005, upon the retirement of Brigadier General James Emory Mace. General Mace was the longest serving Commandant, 1997-2005. The present Commandant, Colonel Gregory A. Stone, USA (Ret.) is a 1976 graduate of the U. S. Military Academy.
Major General Reuben Tucker was the only Citadel Commandant who served twice. In 1955-56 he was Commandant when that position was held by the head of the Army R.O.T.C. unit. In 1963, after he retired from the army, he was appointed the Commandant by General Clark. He held that position until his death (Sources: Major Steven Smith, "A Brief History of the Commandant of Cadets of the South Carolina Corps of Cadets, The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina," The Brigadier, Nov. 11, 2005, p. 4; Dennis D. Nicholson, Jr.,A History of The Citadel: The Years of Summerall and Clark, p. 347 .U430 .C5 N53 1994) (HN & DH)
COMMANDANT'S CUP
Each year the Commandant presents a gold guidon streamer to the best drilled company. All members of the company also are authorized to wear a gold bar on the sleeve of their dress blouse for that year. Their company letter is also engraved on the ?Commandant's cup which is displayed in the foyer of Jenkins Hall. The cup was donated by Lt. Col. W. C. Miller. (Source: The Guidon 1999-2000, p. 206) hn)
COMMENCEMENT
Dates and Speakers-1945-2002
CONNER, JAMES
Chairman of the Board of Visitors, December 1865. He was an attorney and a graduate of the University of South Carolina. From 1861 to 1864 he fought for the Confederacy, rising to the rank of major general. He was wounded twice and lost a leg. After the war he became a railroad executive and then the South Carolina Attorney General. (Source: Cyclopedia of Eminent and Representative Men of the Carolinas of the 19th Century, vol. 1, pp. 138-143. REFERENCE F268 .C992 v. 1) (HN & DH)
CONROY, PAT
Daniel Patrick Conroy, 1945- . Class of 1967. Pat Conroy may be the most famous author to have graduated from The Citadel. His most famous books include:     The Boo U430 .C65 C69
    The Water Is Wide LC2852 .Y3 C6
    The Great Santini PS3553 .O5198 G7 1994
    The Lords of Discipline PS3553 .O5198 L6
    The Prince of Tides PS3553 .O5198 P7 1986
    Beach Music REC READING CON (audio cassette)
My Losing Season PS3553 .O5198 Z465 2002
Movies have been made of most of his books.
In May 2001 he gave the commencement address to the Corps of Cadets. He received an honorary doctorate in 2000. Click here to see his 2001 commencement address. A valuable source of information is: Landon C. Burns, Pat Conroy; A Critical Companion. REFERENCE PS3553 .O5198 Z59 1996. In 2006 Conroy gave the eulogy at the funeral of LTC Thomas Nugent ("The Boo") Courvoisie. Click here to read the eulogy. (DH) CONROY, PAT-SHAKO WRITINGS
"Afternoon on a Tower." The Shako 36.1 (Fall 1966): 16. [poem]
"Ted Lucas." The Shako 36.1 (Fall 1966): 15. [poem]
"Cinch." The Shako 34.1 (Fall 1965): 20. [poem]
"After 'Moveable Feast.'" The Shako 34.3 (Graduation Issue 1966): 13. [poem]
"The Great Senior Essay Scandel [sic]." The Shako 36.1 (Fall 1966): 23-24. [story]
"Incident Somewhere Near Dusk." The Shako 34.3 (Graduation 1966): 16. [poem].
"The Legend." The Shako 36.1 (Fall 1966): 4-6. [story]
"A Monologue of Drums." The Shako 33.1 (Homecoming Issue, 1964): 14-16. [story]
"The Richer Life." The Shako 34.1 (Fall 1965): 4-5 [story] "Young." The Shako 33.1 (Fall, Homecoming Issue 1964): 30
"[We Walked Along]." The Shako 33.2 (Spring, Corps Day Issue 1965): 30. [poem].
"Sometime Tomorrow." The Shako 33.2 (Spring, Corps Day Issue, 1965): 33
“To Thomas Wolf.” The Shako 32.1 (Fall 1963): 14 (poem)
“The dreams of youth…..’ The Shako 31.1 (Fall 1963): 15 (poem)
“Dallas.” The Shako 32.3 (Spring, Graduation Issue, 1964): 21 (poem)
CORDELL, TERRY DENVER
First Citadel graduate to be killed in Vietnam. A U.S. Army Captain, he led a Special Forces detachment in the Central Highlands, and was responsible for training, arming and protecting 100,000 Montagnards. He fell in battle in 1962. The Cordell Airborne-Ranger Company was named in his honor. His portait hangs in the Daniel Library. His roommate as a 4th classman was James E. McDavid III.[Sources: Time, vol. 80 (Oct. 26, 1962), p.40; "The Class of 1963 Salutes a Cold War Hero," Sphinx, 1963, p. 279] (HN & DH)
CORPS OF CADETS--MURALS
There are two murals in the Daniel library depicting the Corps of Cadets. Both were painted by David Humphreys Miller.
The Corps of Cadets--1846. (8 x 20)
This picture was the fourth mural. It was dedicated 3 November 1962. It shows the old Citadel, located north of Calhoun between King and Meeting in downtown Charleston. This is now known as Marion Square. In 1846, war with Mexico was declared and the cadets are training recruits of the South Carolina Palmetto Regiment. In the mural, the cadets are staging a demonstration parade for the benefit of the recruits. The Palmetto Regiment Flag shown in the painting was the first American flag to fly over Mexico City. Notice that the Corps is at left shoulder arms while the color guard is at right shoulder arms. This is no error. The 1835 edition of the U.S. Army Manual on Infantry Tactics states that the color guard always carries rifles at right shoulder arms. For additional information click Corps--1846
The Corps of Cadets--1962 (8 x 20)
This was the fifth mural. It was dedicated March 17, 1962. It shows the Corps in full dress review, awaiting inspection by Gen. Mark W. Clark who is in the official jeep with the regimental commander, Cadet Colonel Stanley W. Russell. The only other figure which can be discerned in Major Freda, the bandmaster.
Note that the bagpipers are wearing the Royal Stuart tartan. This was the tartan worn by the bagpipers from 1956 until The Citadel's own tartan was registered in Edinburgh, Scotland. The Citadel tartan replaced this one in 1981. (Source: Maj. Sandy Jones, Pipe Master, The Citadel, Oct. 28, 1998.) The Citadel did not have a bagpipe unit until General Clark established it in 1956. For additional information click Corps 1962
COURVOISIE FOUNTAIN
Named for Edna Courvoisie, wife of Lt. Col. Thomas N. Courvoisie. It is located in Summerall Chapel.
COURVOISIE, THOMAS NUGENT, LT. COL.
1916-2006. Citadel Class of 1952. Known by his nickname "The Boo." He may have been the most popular--and was certainly the most colorful--Assistant Commandant in Citadel history. The character "The Bear" in Pat Conroy's novel The Lords of Discipline (PS3553 .O5198 L6) was based on Lt. Col. Courvoisie. He was born in Savannah, Georgia, October 19, 1916. He entered The Citadel as a cadet in 1934. Poor health forced him to withdraw after two years. He enlisted in the Georgia National Guard, worked on a freighter and sailed to Europe. He served in the U.S. Army in World War II and the Korean War. In 1950 he re-enrolled at The Citadel, completed his degree program, and graduated with the Class of 1952. During 1959-1960 he was an assistant professor of military science at The Citadel. He retired from the Army in March 1961. From 1961 to 1968 he was one of two Deputy Commandants. It was his custom to address cadets as"Bubba," and to speak of them as his "lambs" or as "bums." He acquired a reputation as a tough disciplinarian in a decade of war and integration, but cadets knew that he was a man of generous heart who genuinely cared about their education and welfare. He made an important contribution in working to make sure that racial integration went smoothly in the 1960s. There is a legend that his nickname resulted from an incident in the 1960s when the Assistant Commandant chased a cadet trying to sneak off campus through the marsh. The cadet claimed that colonel Courvoisie reminded him of a giant caribou. However, The Boo said in 2001: "I ain't going through the marsh for no cadet. I could catch him the next day." From 1968 to 1982 he was head of The Citadel Warehouse. He retired in 1982. Lt. Col. Courvoisie was a source of information for a number of entries in the Knob Knowledge file. He provided facts and comments to Lt. Col. Herbert Nath when Col. Nath was writing the original entries for this database. The Courvoisie Banquet Hall in the Holliday Alumni Center is named in his honor. The Citadel awarded him an honorary doctor of letters degree on October 20, 2000. On that occasion Pat Conroy received the same degree. The Boo's funeral was held in the Summerall Chapel on Mary 3 , 2006, and he was interred in the Beaufort National Cemetery. Pat Conroy gave the eulogy at his funeral. For additional information see, especially: Pat Conroy, The Boo. U430 .C5 C69. Other sources: Charlene Gunnells, "Citadel to Honor One-time Nemesis Conroy," Post and Courier, October 18, 2000, p. B1; Brian Hicks, "Citadel's 'Patriarch' Dies at 89," Post and Courier, May 2, 2006, pp. 1A, 7A; "Thomas N. 'The Boo' Courvoisie," Post and Courier, May 3, 2006, p. 14A; Brian Hicks, "Novelist Conroy Bids Citadel's The Boo a Heartfelt Farewell," Post and Courier, May 4, 2006, pp. 1B, 6B; Dave Dawson (Citadel Class of 1970), "That's The Boo," Post and Courier, June 8, 2006, p. 16A. Click here for Pat Conroy's eulogy. (HN & DH)
COW
How is the Cow? Sir/Ma'am, she walks, she talks, she's full of chalk, the lacteal fluid extracted from the female of the bovine species is highly prolific to the 'nth* degree! (*Number of glasses of milk remaining in carton of pitcher, when asked by an upper class cadet.") (Source: Guidon. 2002-2003, p 74) (HN)
COWARD, ASBURY
Sept. 19, 1835-April 28, 1925. Class of 1854. Colonel, CSA. Superintendent of The Citadel 1890-1908. Coward Hall is named after him. Before he became Superintendent of The Citadel he was the State Superintendent of Education for South Carolina. His portrait hangs in the Daniel Library. (Source: Yates Snowden, History of South Carolina, vol. 4, pp. 243-244. REFERENCE & STACKS F269 .S69 v. 4; Michael D. Blackwell, Remember Now Thy Creator in the Days of Thy Youth, pp. 155-161. U430 .B63 2003) (HN & DH)
COWARD HALL
Named for Col. Asbury Coward, Col., CSA, and Superintendent of The Citadel, 1890-1908. It was built in 1991, and serves as The Citadel Mess Hall. It replaced the old Mess Hall, also called Coward Hall, 1939-1991. (HN)
CRARY, MILLARD J.
First director of the Bagpipers (1956-1960). d. 1960. (Source: Dennis D. Nicholson, Jr., A History of The Citadel: The Years of Summerall and Clark, p. 347. U430 .C5 N53 1994) (HN)
CRITTENDEN, MATTHEW J.
The plaque is on the parade ground opposite Summerall Chapel. It is inscribed as follows:
Matthew George Crittenden
  "Critter"
  Feb 2, 1975 - July 13, 1995
  Hotel Company, Class of '97
  I am but waiting for you, for an interval,
  somewhere very near, just round the corner.
  All is well.
  From September by Rosamunde Pilcher
  Meanwhile, carpe diem, My fellow cadets. (HN)
CROUCH, HORACE ELLIS ("SALLY")
1918-2005. Citadel Class of 1940. Served as a navigator on plane #10 in the famous Doolittle Raid over Japan. On 18 April 1942, 16 B25 Mitchel medium bombers took off from the carrier Hornet in the first bombing of Japan in World War II. Crouch's plane was the tenth one to take off from the carrier hence its name. Its official designation was Plane 40-2250. This plane bombed steel works and factories in Tokyo. It was intercepted by 16 Japanese fighters of which two were shot down. It also endured heavy anti-aircraft. The plane was abandoned in China, the crew bailed out 50 miles northwest of Chuchow. He remained in the China-Burma-India Theater until June 13, 1943. He retired as a Lt. Col. on 30 April 1962. After retirement he became a high school mathematics teacher in Columbia, S.C. His decorations included the Silver Star, the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster. (Sources: Carroll V. Glines. Doolittle's Tokyo Raiders. D790 .G55; D. D. Nicholson, A History of The Citadel: The Years of Summerall and Clark. U430 .C5 N53 1994, pp. 222-223; Craig Nelson, The First Heroes: The Extraordinary Story of the Doolittle Raid. D767.25 .T6 N45 2002; "Member of Doolittle Raiders Dies at 87," Post and Courier, December 24, 2005, p. 4B; "Doolittle Raider Dies," The State, December 23, 2005, p. ) The Daniel Library has a copy of Glines' book autographed by Lt. Col. Crouch and many others who served with Doolittle's Raiders. They were attending a reunion in Charleston when they signed the book. (HN & DH))

To top of page