The Citadel
Department of History

Undergraduate Courses

Courses for Spring 2004

Full History Undergraduate Course Catalogue:

All courses in the department are three credit hours per semester, unless otherwise noted.

Core Curriculum

HIST 103 and HIST 104: History of Western Civilization
A two-semester survey of the development of European civilization from ancient times to the present. Among the major topics examined during the first semester (to 1660) are Classical Greece, Republican Rome, Imperial Rome, the Christian Church, Feudalism, the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation and the Age of European Exploration. The second semester focuses on the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, Communism, Socialism, the two World Wars and the Cold War.

HIST 105 and HIST 106: History of World Civilization
A two-semester survey of the development of human civilizations, with special attention to cultural borrowing, demographic change, technological development, religion and philosophy. Topics examined include the Columbian Exchange, the African slave trade, the scientific revolution, industrialization, imperialism and nationalism.

Historiography

HIST 203: Introduction to the Discipline of History
An introduction to the history of the research and writing of history as a craft. According to the particular professor instructing, the course will address theories of history, computer simulation, the use of diaries, memoirs, and government documents, as well as the use of historic sites, architecture, photographs, paintings, cinema, and literary fiction as evidence in reconstructing and interpreting historical events.

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American History

HIST 201 and HIST 202: A Survey of American History
Survey of American history from the period of discovery to 1865; a brief treatment of the colonial period, followed by a more detailed study of such subjects as the causes of the Revolution, the framing of the Constitution, the development of political parties, the sectional conflict, economic progress and problems, and foreign relations; special emphasis placed on understanding the nature of American democracy.

HIST 204 African American History
Survey of African American history from Africa before the slave trade to the present. There will be four main sections to the course: Africa and the Slave Trade, Slavery, Emancipation and the Promise of Freedom, and Civil Rights and the Promise of Beyond. Topics will include cultural diversity within the African American community, race and racism in America and African American history, the tension between assimilationist and separatist ideas for improvement among African Americans, and the methods of creative resistance African Americans developed to survive and flourish through slavery, Jim Crow, and deferred dreams.

HIST 300 Colonial America
A study of the founding and development of the British mainland colonies in North America through the 1760's. Topics include European motivations for explorations and colonization; the making of the Atlantic World and comparative colonization; the development of social, economic, political, labor and religious institutions in British America; and international rivalries and conflicts.

HIST 301 Revolutionary America
A study of the origins, events, and results of the American Revolution, 1760s to 1800. Topics will include the political, economic, religious and ideological origins of the Revolution; the military history of the Revolution; the participation of "outsiders"--women, Indians, African Americans--in the Revolution; the debate over the Constitution; the American Revolution as part of the "Age of Revolution"; and the challenge and crises of the new United States government during the 1780s and 1790s.

HIST 303 The Early Republic
A study of American history, 1800-1850, with an emphasis on politics, economics, military affairs, and religion. There will be detailed studies of men such as Jefferson, Hamilton, Jackson, Clay, Webster, and Calhoun. Significant attention will also be paid to the rise of sectionalism, the growth of American party systems, the War of 1812, and the Mexican- American War.

HIST 305 The Gilded Age 1865- 1900
A study of U.S. history, 1865-1900. This course examines several large movements and developments, including entrepeneurial capitalism, immigration, constitutional affairs, politics and agrarian reform. Special attention will be paid to Reconstruction, Western Expansion, and the Spanish-American War.

HIST 307 United States History, 1900-1945
A study of U.S. history, 1900 to 1945. This course examines the social, cultural, political, military, economic, and foreign policy development of the United States. Special attention will be paid to Progressivism, World war I, the Depression and World War II.

HIST 308 United States History, 1945-2000
A study of U.S. history, 1945 to 2000. This course examines the social, cultural, political, military, economic, and foreign policy development of the United States. Special attention will be paid to the Korean War, the Cold War, Vietnam, the Civil Rights movement, the Great Society, the Reagan Revolution, and post-Cold War America.

HIST 402 South Carolina History
A survey of the political, economic, social , and intellectual development of south Carolina from its discovery to the present, with emphasis on the relation of the state to the South and to the nation.

HIST 403 The American West
A study of the settlement of the West and its influence on American life. Topics examined include: mountain men and missionaries; Indians and Indian figures; the cowboy and the cult of western heroes; patterns of frontier violence; homesteading; mining towns; railroad building. Emphasis given to national traits. like individualism, associated with the frontier experience and to the influence of the West on American life to the present day.

HIST 406 The Old South
A survey of major issues and institutions in the history of the American South from the colonial period through the Civil War. Particular attention is given to the plantation, slavery, states rights, fundamentalist religion, the ethic of honor, and the origins and consequences of the Civil War. Among the questions addressed are what caused a Southern regional mentality to develop and how different was the South from the rest of the nation?

HIST 407 The New South
A survey of major issues and institutions in the history of the American South since the end of the Civil War. Particular attention is given to the Cult of the Lost Cause, the New South Movement, racial segregation, progressivism, religion, music, literature, the second reconstruction, and the emergence of the sunbelt South. Among the major questions addressed are why, and how much, did the South change after the Civil War and does a distinctive South still exist?

HIST 473 The Great Crusade: Americans during the Second World War
A study of the United States in World War II which focuses upon domestic society and the relationship of changing culture to the postwar America of global commitments and the consumption of consumer goods.

HIST 492 Special Topics in American History

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European History

HIST 321 The Middle Ages
The nature of society and events in Western Europe from the 7th and 8th centuries A.D. until the decay of the Medieval world in the fourteenth century. Topics include the rise of the Franks and the Papacy, the establishment of feudalism, the wars between the Popes and the Holy Roman Emperors, the Crusades, intellectual revival, the commercial revolution, establishment of town democracy, and rise of nation-states at the end of the period.

HIST 322 Renaissance and Reformation
The Renaissance as a European-wide movement emanating from the Italian peninsula; the crisis of the church medieval and the rise of the Renaissance papacy; Humanism, with special emphasis on the great painters, architects, and sculptors of the time; the Renaissance city-states and monarchies of France, England, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire; and the religious upheavals of Protestantism, the Catholic Reformation, and civil and religious wars.

HIST 324 The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon
A survey of the causes of the Revolution followed by an examination of the principal events of the period with stress on ideologies and revolutionary mentality, the repercussions of social upheaval and the rise of the middle class, the unstable nature of the various revolutionary governments, the rise and fall of Napoleon, and post-revolution France.

HIST 325 Europe, 1815-1914
European history from Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo to the outbreak of World War I. Emphasis is on political reaction and reform; the Industrial Revolution and its economic, social and political effects; gender, honor and virtue in the middle and working classes; the Darwinian revolution and its impact on Western thought about humans and their origins; the rise of nation-states in Italy and Germany; overseas imperialism; and the factors that contributed to the outbreak of the First World War.

HIST 326 Europe Since 1914
A survey of the origins and impacts of two World Wars and the Cold War on Europe. An emphasis will be placed on their political, social, cultural and economic development, and their relative positions today.

HIST 327 England to 1660
A survey of English history from prehistoric times through the English civil war of the 17th century and its aftermath. Emphasis is placed on the development of Parliament, the monarchy, the legal system, and local government. The evolution of British society is traced from Celtic and Roman times through King Alfred, the Anglo-Saxons, the Normans, the Wars of the Roses, the Tudors, and the first Stuart monarchs. Special attention is paid to Celtic warfare, the Roman conquest, Anglo-Saxon warfare, the armored knights of Norman times, and the English legacy to Americans.

HIST 328 England Since 1660
A survey of English history from the Stuart Restoration to the present, including the Glorious Revolution of 1689, the reign of the Hanovarians, the development of England as an industrial power and leader in overseas expansion in the 18th and 19th centuries, its role in two world wars in the 20th century, its experience as a welfare state, and its decline as a great power.

HIST 421 The Ancient Greeks
A detailed examination of ancient Greek political history and the ancient Greek contribution to politics, war, philosophy, literature, art, and the Archaic and the Classical ages, and the Hellenistic period to the Roman conquest.

HIST 422 The Romans
A survey of Roman history from Rome's origins as a Latin village through its conquest of Italy, defeat of Carthage and Greece, and the Roman empire to dominance over the Mediterranean world; the empire's gradual corruption, loss of political freedoms, the transition to an absolutist, Christian monarchy. Emphasis is placed on the personalities and values of the Romans and how these led to Rome's glories and failures.

HIST 423 The Byzantine Empire
The course begins with the turn of the Roman Empire to Christianity in the 4th century, then traces how the new religion changed the nature of the Empire. The course covers the conquests of the Germans over its western territories and the Muslims over its southern parts during the early Middle Ages. The fortunes of the remaining "Byzantine Empire" are followed through its revival, and then its decline with the Crusades and it final destruction by the Ottoman Turks.

HIST 424 History of Modern Russia
History of the development of tsarist absolutism under the Romanov dynasty and of the religious, social, and economic institutions of the tsarist state. Intensive treatment of the 1917 Revolution and the institutional development of the Soviet state to world power status.

HIST 435 Scotland Since 1707
A survey of the political, social, cultural and economic history of Scotland since union with England. Topics include Jacobitism, the clan system, the Highland clearances, the industrialization of the Lowlands, and Scottish nationalism. Special emphasis is placed on attempts to retain Scottish distinctiveness while integrating into the wider community of Great Britain.

HIST 481 Hitler and National Socialism
A survey of the Nazi movement from its late nineteenth century antecedents to its culmination in 1945. Special emphasis will be given to the life of Hitler and to areas of controversial interpretation. Among these are the alleged reactionary nature of National Socialism, the "legal" rise of the party to power, the statesmanship of Hitler, his sanity, and the Holocaust.

HIST 491 Special Topics in European History

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Latin American and Non-Western History

HIST 417 History of the Non- Western World
Origins and development of selected non-western cultures, examining their historical and cultural values and customs as well as their social and political institutions. Emphasis is placed on the cultures of China, Japan, Southeast Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, the Arab and Islamic world, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Americas.

HIST 425 Islam and the Middle East
A general survey of Islamic history from its beginnings to the present, covering the nature of the religion and society created by Mohammed, the conquest of lands that became Muslim, the politics and culture of the Muslim golden age, the Crusades an Ottoman conquests, and the emergence of modern Islamic countries and problems in the Middle East.

HIST 450 The Colonial Background to Latin America
A detailed examination of the pre-Columbian and post-Columbian experiences in Latin America to 1810. Emphasis is placed on the varied melding of the indigenous, European, and African contributors and the roles they played within the framework of the Iberian empires in America. A cultural and institutional approach provides a necessary appreciation of the present-day complexities of this region.

HIST 451 Modern Latin America
Beginning with a brief introduction to the colonial ambient and the Latin American wars for independence, the course explores the development of the nations of the region such as Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina, as well as to the Andean nations and the still-volatile Caribbean. The economic and strategic roles of these nations are addressed.

HIST 452 National Mexico
A survey of Mexico from 1810 to the present. Topics include Father Hidalgo and the Wars of Independence, caudillos such as Antonio López de Santa Anna, the Liberal Reform of Benito Juárez, General Pancho Villa and the Revolution of 1910 and the Zapatista Rebellion of 1994.

HIST 462 The History of Pre- modern China
The history of China from its beginnings to the eve of its clash with the West in the nineteenth century. The course examines the development of premodern China's political, social, and economic institutions, many of which lasted into the twentieth century. Special emphasis will be given to premodern religion, popular culture, and daily life.

HIST 463 The History of Modern China
The history of China's tumultuous entry into the modern world. The course examines China's struggle to adjust its ancient traditions and institutions to the reality of Western dominance and the radical changes in Chinese society that this adjustment caused. Emphasis will be given to the failure of the 1911 Revolution, the rise and victory of the Communist Party, the Cultural Revolution, and the regime of Deng Xiaoping.

HIST 466 The History of Japan
An examination of Japan's history from its prehistoric origins to its postwar economic miracle. Topics such as the "Horse- rider Theory," Heian court life, samurai rule, Japanese "feudalism," Shintoism, Japanese Buddhism, the Meiji reform, the prewar militarization, and the postwar transformation into an economic superpower will all receive special attention.

HIST 493 Special Topics in Latin American and Non-Western History

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Diplomatic and Military History

HIST 304 Disunion and the War for Southern Independence
The political, economic, diplomatic and military history of the United States from 1850-1865, emphasizing the forces that tended to bind or disrupt the Union, and including a detailed account of the war.

HIST 410 American Foreign Policy Since Word War II
Diplomatic problems arising from the war, increased responsibilities, the United Nations, American-Soviet rivalry, the Cold War, world treaties and commitments, national security strategies, economic policies, and other military and non- military initiatives in international relations.

HIST 475 World War I
This is a course on the Great War. We will discover that the war does not quite meet the stereotype. While there was the stereotype stalemate of the trenches in the first year or two, there was always great movement in the East and even in the West in the last year. During the war, armies virtually rearmed with new weapons and retrained, adopting new tactics. Mass assaults gave way to storm squads; cavalry gave way to armor and aircraft. Battle fleets anchored immobilized in fear of losing capital ships. The squandering of lives led to mutinies and revolutions. Economies saw unprecedented mobilization. It was total war, at a cost of 5500 lives every day for a 1500 day war, and one can argue that the outcome was far more cataclysmic than the Second World War.

HIST 479 History of Naval Warfare
A history of warfare at sea from ancient times to the present with emphasis on the historical development of naval architecture, technology and organization; the evolution of naval tactics and strategy, and the influence of seapower upon world affairs.

HIST 487 The Patterns of War from Ancient Times to the Late 18th Century
The patterns of war from ancient times to the eve of the American Revolution with emphasis on change in the technological, organizational, and social-political nature of war. .

HIST 488 The United States and the Patterns of War Since the Late Eighteenth Century
The study of the patterns of war from the late eighteenth century to the present, with emphasis on the impact of technology, social-political factors, and organization on the waging of war in general and especially on American military practice.

HIST 489 History of the Vietnam War
The history of the American war in Vietnam, including the foundations of the French imperialism in Indochina; native resistance; the First Indochina War; American policy; intervention; and withdrawal; the impact on American domestic society; and the fall of the Western-oriented government of South Vietnam.

HIST 494 Special Topics in Diplomatic/Military History

Special Topics

HIST 490 Research Project

HIST 495 Special Topics in History

HIST 496 Seminar

HIST 497 Tutorial

HIST 498 Internship in History
Internships with the South Carolina Historical Society, the Avery Institute, the Charleston Museum, Patriots Point Maritime Museum, law firms, etc., are offered to combine academic training with the acquisition of skills in archival work, historic preservation, and other types of applied history.

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